2014年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析经济学
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="wave">wave</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mergers">mergers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="acquisitions">acquisitions</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="witnessed">witnessed</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="sweeps">sweeps</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="hyperactive">hyperactive</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reaches">reaches</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="emerging">emerging</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="unsurpassed">unsurpassed</span> <span word="might">might</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="worrying">worrying</span>：<span word="Wont">Wont</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wave">wave</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="uncontrollable">uncontrollable</span> <span word="anticompetitive">anticompetitive</span> <span word="force">force</span>？ <span word="Theres">Theres</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span>. <span word="Multinational">Multinational</span> <span word="corporations">corporations</span> <span word="accounted">accounted</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 20% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="international">international</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1982.<span word="Today">Today</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="figure">figure</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 25% <span word="and">and</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span>. <span word="International">International</span> <span word="affiliates">affiliates</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fastgrowing">fastgrowing</span> <span word="segment">segment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="economies">economies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="welcome">welcome</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="investment">investment</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Argentina">Argentina</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reforms">reforms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="multinationals">multinationals</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="from">from</span> 43% <span word="to">to</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 70% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 200 <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="smaller">smaller</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="businessmen">businessmen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ultimate">ultimate</span> <span word="stability">stability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="M">M</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="wave">wave</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="underlie">underlie</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="globalization">globalization</span> <span word="process">process</span>: <span word="falling">falling</span> <span word="transportation">transportation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="communication">communication</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>, <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="barriers">barriers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="enlarged">enlarged</span> <span word="markets">markets</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="enlarged">enlarged</span> <span word="operations">operations</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="demands">demands</span>. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="beneficial">beneficial</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="detrimental">detrimental</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="grows">grows</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span> <span word="increases">increases</span>. <span word="Examples">Examples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="wave">wave</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="scanty">scanty</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="merger">merger</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="recreate">recreate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="threats">threats</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="feared">feared</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>., <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Standard">Standard</span> <span word="Oil">Oil</span> <span word="trust">trust</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="broken">broken</span> <span word="up">up</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mergers">mergers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="telecom">telecom</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="WorldCom">WorldCom</span>, <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reduction">reduction</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pace">pace</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="progress">progress</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrary">contrary</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="communications">communications</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="fast">fast</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>, <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="increasingwitness">increasingwitness</span> <span word="Daimler">Daimler</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chrysler">Chrysler</span>, <span word="Renault">Renault</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Nissanbut">Nissanbut</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="merger">merger</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="watched">watched</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="Alan">Alan</span> <span word="Greenspan">Greenspan</span> <span word="warned">warned</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="megamergers">megamergers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="banking">banking</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>. <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="supervise">supervise</span>, <span word="regulate">regulate</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="lender">lender</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="resort">resort</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gigantic">gigantic</span> <span word="banks">banks</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="created">created</span>? <span word="Wont">Wont</span> <span word="multinationals">multinationals</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nation">nation</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="strict">strict</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="infringements">infringements</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fair">fair</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>? <span word="And">And</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="defending">defending</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="nations">nations</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="vs">vs</span>. <span word="Microsoft">Microsoft</span> <span word="case">case</span>? 63．<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="trend">trend</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="today">today</span>? ［<span word="A">A</span>］<span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> ［<span word="B">B</span>］<span word="to">to</span> <span word="invest">invest</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span> ［<span word="C">C</span>］<span word="to">to</span> <span word="combine">combine</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> ［<span word="D">D</span>］<span word="to">to</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> 64．<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="M">M</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="wave">wave</span> <span word="is">is</span> . ［<span word="A">A</span>］<span word="the">the</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="customer">customer</span> <span word="demands">demands</span> ［<span word="B">B</span>］<span word="a">a</span> <span word="surplus">surplus</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> ［<span word="C">C</span>］<span word="a">a</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> ［<span word="D">D</span>］<span word="the">the</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span> 65．<span word="From">From</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> 4 <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="that">that</span> . ［<span word="A">A</span>］<span word="the">the</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span> ［<span word="B">B</span>］<span word="WorldCom">WorldCom</span> <span word="serves">serves</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> ［<span word="C">C</span>］<span word="the">the</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="globalization">globalization</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="enormous">enormous</span> ［<span word="D">D</span>］<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Standard">Standard</span> <span word="Oil">Oil</span> <span word="trust">trust</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="threatened">threatened</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> 66．<span word="Toward">Toward</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="wave">wave</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writers">writers</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> . ［<span word="A">A</span>］<span word="optimistic">optimistic</span> ［<span word="B">B</span>］<span word="objective">objective</span> ［<span word="C">C</span>］<span word="pessimistic">pessimistic</span> ［<span word="D">D</span>］<span word="biased">biased</span> 核心词汇： <span word="acquisition">acquisition</span> <span word="n">n</span>.取得，学到，养成（习惯）；获得的东西（<span word="ac">ac</span>+<span word="quis">quis</span>+<span word="ition">ition</span>名词后缀） <span word="affiliate">affiliate</span> <span word="v">v</span>.使隶属（或附属）于<span word="n">n</span>.附属机构，分公司（<span word="af">af</span>+<span word="fili">fili</span>+<span word="ate">ate</span>） <span word="barrier">barrier</span> <span word="n">n</span>.栅栏,屏障;障碍（物）（<span word="barr">barr</span>栅栏+<span word="ier">ier</span>） <span word="beneficial">beneficial</span> <span word="a">a</span>.（<span word="to">to</span>）有利的,有益的（<span word="benefic">benefic</span>+<span word="ial">ial</span>形容词后缀） <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="n">n</span>.专心，专注；集中，集结；浓度（<span word="concentrate">concentrate</span>+<span word="ion">ion</span>名词后缀集中） <span word="detrimental">detrimental</span> <span word="a">a</span>.有害的（<span word="detriment">detriment</span>损害，危害+<span word="al">al</span>危害的） <span word="gigantic">gigantic</span> <span word="a">a</span>.巨大的,庞大的 <span word="hyperactive">hyperactive</span> <span word="a">a</span>.活动过度的（<span word="hyper">hyper</span>+<span word="active">active</span>活动的）;<span word="hper">hper</span>前缀超过；过度（<span word="h">h</span>脱落，元音<span word="y">y</span>变<span word="u">u</span>，即为<span word="uper">uper</span>），<span word="active">active</span>活跃的。 <span word="infringement">infringement</span> <span word="n">n</span>.违反, 侵害<span word="in">in</span>否定前缀，<span word="fringe">fringe</span>（边缘；刘海；穗），<span word="ment">ment</span>名词后缀，已经不在边缘侵入内部侵害；<span word="infringe">infringe</span>（<span word="v">v</span>.侵害）<span word="in">in</span>+<span word="fringe">fringe</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="a">a</span>.大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的,大量的（<span word="mass">mass</span>+<span word="ive">ive</span>形容词后缀） <span word="multinational">multinational</span> <span word="a">a</span>./<span word="n">n</span>.跨国公司；跨国公司的,<span word="multi">multi</span>前缀多（如<span word="multiplemulti">multiplemulti</span>+<span word="ple">ple</span>倍<span word="v">v</span>.加倍；多倍的；倍数），<span word="national">national</span>国家的。 <span word="pessimistic">pessimistic</span> <span word="a">a</span>.悲观的<span word="pessimist">pessimist</span>悲观主义者，<span word="ic">ic</span>形容词后缀 <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="n">n</span>.现象,稀有现象,珍品,奇迹,杰出人才 <span word="resort">resort</span> <span word="v">v</span>.凭借,求助,诉诸<span word="n">n</span>.度假胜地,手段 <span word="supervise">supervise</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>.监督，管理；指导 <span word="surpass">surpass</span> <span word="vt">vt</span>.超过,胜过（<span word="sur">sur</span>超过+<span word="pass">pass</span>通过并超过胜过） <span word="sweep">sweep</span> <span word="v">v</span>.扫,打扫;席卷,冲光;扫过,掠过 <span word="unsurpassed">unsurpassed</span> <span word="a">a</span>.凌驾的, 非常卓越的,超越的<span word="un">un</span>否定前缀，<span word="surpass">surpass</span>（<span word="v">v</span>.超过）<span word="sur">sur</span>前缀超+<span word="pass">pass</span>过，<span word="ed">ed</span>形容词后缀。 <span word="witness">witness</span> <span word="n">n</span>.目击者,证人;证据,证明<span word="v">v</span>.目击,目睹;作证（<span word="wit">wit</span>知+<span word="ness">ness</span>名词后缀知情者） </p>
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