考研英语真题阅读试题及名师解析(四)
<p> <span word="Aimlessness">Aimlessness</span> <span word="hashardly">hashardly</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postwar">postwar</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="harmonyare">harmonyare</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="envy">envy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="areseeing">areseeing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="work">work</span>-<span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="values">values</span>. <span word="Ten">Ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="youngpeople">youngpeople</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>-<span word="working">working</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="being">being</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="fulfilled">fulfilled</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="don">don</span> <span word="tknow">tknow</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="next">next</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postwar">postwar</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="boom">boom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entry">entry</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="womeninto">womeninto</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="male">male</span>-<span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="teen">teen</span>-<span word="agerswho">agerswho</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="questioning">questioning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="sacrifices">sacrifices</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="climbingJapan">climbingJapan</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="rigid">rigid</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="survey">survey</span>, <span word="itwas">itwas</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="only">only</span> 24.5 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="satisfied">satisfied</span> <span word="withschool">withschool</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> 67.2 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="Inaddition">Inaddition</span>, <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="expressed">expressed</span> <span word="dissatisfaction">dissatisfaction</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobsthan">jobsthan</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 10 <span word="other">other</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="surveyed">surveyed</span>。 <span word="While">While</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="foreigners">foreigners</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basics">basics</span>,<span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="tends">tends</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="overcreativity">overcreativity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="expression">expression</span>。<span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="scorespersonality">scorespersonality</span>,<span word="ability">ability</span>, <span word="courage">courage</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="humanity">humanity</span>―<span word="are">are</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="ignored">ignored</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Toshiki">Toshiki</span> <span word="Kaifu">Kaifu</span>,<span word="chairman">chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="Liberal">Liberal</span> <span word="Democratic">Democratic</span> <span word="Party">Party</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="committee">committee</span>。<span word="Frustrationagainst">Frustrationagainst</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="kids">kids</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="wild">wild</span>。 <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="yearJapan">yearJapan</span> <span word="experienced">experienced</span> 2,125 <span word="incidents">incidents</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="violence">violence</span>, <span word="including">including</span> 929 <span word="assaults">assaults</span> <span word="onteachers">onteachers</span>. <span word="Amid">Amid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outcry">outcry</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="conservative">conservative</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="seeking">seeking</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="tothe">tothe</span> <span word="prewar">prewar</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="education">education</span>. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="Mitsuo">Mitsuo</span> <span word="Setoyama">Setoyama</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="theneducation">theneducation</span> <span word="minister">minister</span>, <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="eyebrows">eyebrows</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="reformsintroduced">reformsintroduced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="occupation">occupation</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span>Ⅱ <span word="hadweakened">hadweakened</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="morality">morality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="respect">respect</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>。 <span word="But">But</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="styles">styles</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>, <span word="sayseducator">sayseducator</span> <span word="Yoko">Yoko</span> <span word="Muro">Muro</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="life">life</span>,<span word="but">but</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="endure">endure</span>。 <span word="With">With</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="centralization">centralization</span>; <span word="fully">fully</span> 76 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="ofJapan">ofJapan</span> <span word="s">s</span> 119 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extendedfamily">extendedfamily</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="abandoned">abandoned</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="favor">favor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="isolated">isolated</span>, <span word="two">two</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="households">households</span>.<span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="endured">endured</span> <span word="lengthy">lengthy</span> <span word="commutes">commutes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="crowded">crowded</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="values">values</span> <span word="weaken">weaken</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="discomfort">discomfort</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="decade">decade</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="divorcerate">divorcerate</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="morethan">morethan</span> 50 <span word="percent">percent</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="suicides">suicides</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="quarter">quarter</span>。 23. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Westerners">Westerners</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postwar">postwar</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="was">was</span>_____。 [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="under">under</span> <span word="aimless">aimless</span> <span word="development">development</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="a">a</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="example">example</span> [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="a">a</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="West">West</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> 24. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="chiefly">chiefly</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="forthe">forthe</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="society">society</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="participation">participation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="limited">limited</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="More">More</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="dissatisfied">dissatisfied</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="Excessive">Excessive</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basics">basics</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="The">The</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="style">style</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="influenced">influenced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="values">values</span>。 25. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="thesocial">thesocial</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span> [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="aswell">aswell</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="More">More</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultivation">cultivation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="Dropping">Dropping</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="frustration">frustration</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="taking">taking</span>。 26. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="style">style</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factthat">factthat</span>____。 [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="tolerant">tolerant</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discomforts">discomforts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="the">the</span> <span word="divorce">divorce</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="exceeds">exceeds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="endure">endure</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="before">before</span> [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="appreciate">appreciate</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="life">life</span> 名师解析 23. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Westernerseyes">Westernerseyes</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postwar">postwar</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="was">was</span>_____. 在西方人看来，战后的日本是_____。 [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="under">under</span> <span word="aimless">aimless</span> <span word="development">development</span> 盲目发展 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="a">a</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="example">example</span> 一个积极的例子 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="a">a</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="West">West</span> 西方的竞争对手 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> 在衰退中 【答案】 <span word="B">B</span> 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 文章第一段第一句就指出，盲目性不是战后日本的特色，它的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所羡慕。也就是说是一个积极的正面的例子。[<span word="A">A</span>]违反了第一句。[<span word="C">C</span>]选项和[<span word="D">D</span>]选项不是本文谈论的话题。 24. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="chiefly">chiefly</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="themoral">themoral</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="society">society</span>? 根据本文作者的观点，日本社会道德滑坡的主要原因是什么? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="participation">participation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="limited">limited</span>. 妇女参加社会活动受到限制。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="More">More</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="dissatisfied">dissatisfied</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>。 越来越多的工人对自己的工作感到不满。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Excessive">Excessive</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basics">basics</span>。 过多地注重基础教育。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="style">style</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="influenced">influenced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="values">values</span>。 生活方式受西方价值观的影响。 【答案】 <span word="D">D</span> 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 文中第一段指出日本人正在逐渐经历传统工作道德价值观的日益滑坡，说十年前，年轻人工作努力，将工作看作是生存的重要动力，但是，日本目前在很大程度上满足了其经济发展的需要，年轻人反而不知道下一步的发展目标了。具体提到道德滑坡是在第三段，文中提到校园暴力，提到保守党领导人正在力图重新重视战前那种道德教育，<span word="Mitsuo">Mitsuo</span> <span word="Setoyama">Setoyama</span>更是冒出惊人之语，他坚持认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了日本人尊敬父母的道德观。而在下文，作者更是直接提出，但是，这可能和日本人的生活方式关系更大。人们已经抛弃了社区和大家庭，而更加喜欢单门独户的两代人构成的家庭，旧的集体和家庭价值观被削弱。由此可见，本题的答案就是[<span word="D">D</span>]选项。 25. <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>? 在作者看来，以下哪一个是正确的? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="climb">climb</span> <span word="thesocial">thesocial</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span>。 日本的教育受人称道，因为它有助于年轻人攀登社会阶梯。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="aswell">aswell</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>。 日本教育的特点就是既有机械性的学习又有创造力的培养。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="More">More</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultivation">cultivation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="creativity">creativity</span>。 应该更加强调创造力的培养上。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Dropping">Dropping</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="frustration">frustration</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="taking">taking</span>。 辍学导致了对应试的挫折感。 【答案】 <span word="C">C</span> 【考点】 作者观点题。 【分析】 [<span word="A">A</span>]说法是错误的，因为日本的教育受到外国人赞赏的原因是它强调整础教育。[<span word="B">B</span>]说法是错误的，因为文中提到它强调考试和机械学习而不是创造性和自我表现。[<span word="C">C</span>]是正确的，因为文中提到它强调考试和机械学习超过创造性和自我表现。那些在考分中不能体现的东西个性、能力、勇气或人性完全被忽视了，执政的自民党教育委员会主席<span word="Toshiki">Toshiki</span> <span word="Kaifu">Kaifu</span>说，这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及变得狂野，这说明日本应该更加强调创造力的培养。[<span word="D">D</span>]的说法是错误的，因为文中说这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及变得狂野，该选项故意混淆了原因和结果。 26. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="life">life</span>-<span word="style">style</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="factthat">factthat</span>____. 日本人生活方式的变化体现在下面的一个事实中。 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="tolerant">tolerant</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="discomforts">discomforts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="life">life</span> 年轻人对现实生活中困苦的忍受力下降 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="divorce">divorce</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="exceeds">exceeds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>。 日本的离婚率超过美国的 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="endure">endure</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="before">before</span> 日本人忍受的东西比以前更多了 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="appreciate">appreciate</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="life">life</span> 日本人欣赏他们目前的生活 【答案】 <span word="A">A</span> 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 文中提到教育家<span word="YokoMuro">YokoMuro</span>。他说在日本，你喜欢不喜欢自己的工作和生活，这从来都不是问题，问题是你有多大的承受力。然后在最后一段里面提到家庭结构的改变，旧的集体和家庭价值观的削弱，人们的不满凸现。也就是说日本人以前默默地忍受生活的困苦，但是，现在年轻的日本人觉得这种牺牲太大，对此产生了逆反情绪。因此可以判定日本人的生活方式的变化体现年轻人对现实生活中的困苦忍受力下降。[<span word="B">B</span>]的说法是错误的，因为根据第四段最后一句，日本人的离婚率仍然低于美国人的。[<span word="C">C</span>]在文中找不到很据。[<span word="D">D</span>]可以根据最近一次调查发现只有24.5%的日本学生对学校生活完全满意，相比之下，美国学生的比例是62.7%。此外，与被调查的其他10个国家的工人相比，对自身工作表示不满的日本工人多得多进行排除。 难句解析： 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postwar">postwar</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="boom">boom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="entry">entry</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="womeninto">womeninto</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="male">male</span>-<span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="teenagerswho">teenagerswho</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="questioning">questioning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="sacrifices">sacrifices</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="climbingJapans">climbingJapans</span> <span word="rigid">rigid</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="ladder">ladder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>。 【结构分析】本句的主语有两个。一个是<span word="The">The</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="postwar">postwar</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="boom">boom</span>另外一个是<span word="anentry">anentry</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="male">male</span>-<span word="dominated">dominated</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="market">market</span>。谓语是<span word="have">have</span> <span word="limited">limited</span>。宾语是<span word="theopportunities">theopportunities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="teen">teen</span>-<span word="agers">agers</span>。<span word="who">who</span>引导一个定语从句修饰宾语。<span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="climbing">climbing</span> <span word="Japans">Japans</span> <span word="rigid">rigid</span> <span word="socialladder">socialladder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>是<span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="sacrifices">sacrifices</span>的后置定语。 2. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="Mitsuo">Mitsuo</span> <span word="Setoyama">Setoyama</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="minister">minister</span>,<span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="eyebrows">eyebrows</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="reforms">reforms</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Americanoccupation">Americanoccupation</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="II">II</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="weakened">weakened</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanesemorality">Japanesemorality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="respect">respect</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>。 【结构分析】本句主句结构是<span word="Mitsuo">Mitsuo</span> <span word="Setoyama">Setoyama</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="eyebrows">eyebrows</span>。插入语<span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="theneducation">theneducation</span> <span word="minister">minister</span>是主语的定语，<span word="when">when</span>引导一个时间状语从句，<span word="that">that</span>引导的从句做<span word="argued">argued</span>的宾语，该宾语从句中主语是<span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="reforms">reforms</span>，谓语是<span word="had">had</span> <span word="weakened">weakened</span>，宾语是<span word="theJapanese">theJapanese</span> <span word="morality">morality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="respect">respect</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>，<span word="introducedby">introducedby</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="occupation">occupation</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="II">II</span>是<span word="liberalreforms">liberalreforms</span>的定语。 全文翻译： 盲目性不是战后日本的特色，它的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所羡慕。但是，日本人正在逐渐经历传统工作道德价值观的日益滑坡。10年前，日本年轻人工作勤奋，将工作视为他们存在的主要理由，但如今日本基本上已经满足了其经济需求，年轻人却不知道他们随后该去何方。 战后婴儿出生高峰期出生的人已到成年，以及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯以求进好学校，找好工作中付出的沉重的个人牺牲是否值得。最近一次调查发现只有24.5%的日本学生对学校生活完全满意，相比之下，美国学生的比例是62.7%。此外，与被调查的其他10个国家的工人相比，对自身工作表示不满的日本工人多得多。 虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它强调考试和机械学习而不是创造性和自我表现。那些在考分中不能体现的东西个性、能力、勇气或人性完全被忽视了，执政的自民党教育委员会主席<span word="Toshiki">Toshiki</span> <span word="Kaifu">Kaifu</span>说，这类事情造成的挫折致使孩子辍学以及变得狂野。去年日本发生了2,125起校园暴力事件，其中包括929起袭击老师事件。在抗议声中，许多保守党领导人正在力图重新重视战前那种道德教育;去年，时任教育大臣的<span word="Mitsuo">Mitsuo</span> <span word="Setoyama">Setoyama</span>就冒出惊人之语，他坚持认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了日本人尊敬父母的道德观。 但是，这可能和日本人的生活方式关系更大。教育家 <span word="Yoko">Yoko</span> <span word="Muro">Muro</span>说在日本，你喜欢不喜欢自己的工作和生活，这从来都不是问题，问题是你有多大的承受力。经济的增长伴随着人口的集中，在日本1.19亿人当中，76%的人住在城市，在那里，人们已经抛弃了社区和大家庭，而更加喜欢单门独户的两代人构成的家庭。日本的城里人长期忍受着漫长的上下班来回路程和拥挤的居住条件，但是随着旧的集体和家庭价值观的削弱，人们的不满开始显现。在过去10年中，日本的离婚率虽然仍远在美国之下，但是也已经上升了50%，而自杀则上升了近1/4。 </p>
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