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meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:39:58

考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及解析(十)

<p>　　<span word="Much">Much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thelanguage">thelanguage</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="asoft">asoft</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brakes">brakes</span>, <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="precisescience">precisescience</span>. <span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="interestrates">interestrates</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="uncertain">uncertain</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="long">long</span>, <span word="variable">variable</span> <span word="lags">lags</span> <span word="beforepolicy">beforepolicy</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>. <span word="Hence">Hence</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span> <span word="thatlikens">thatlikens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blackenedwindscreen">blackenedwindscreen</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cracked">cracked</span> <span word="rearview">rearview</span> <span word="mirror">mirror</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="faulty">faulty</span> <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>.　　<span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="disadvantages">disadvantages</span>, <span word="central">central</span> <span word="bankers">bankers</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="muchto">muchto</span> <span word="boast">boast</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="late">late</span>. <span word="Average">Average</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="economiesfell">economiesfell</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mere">mere</span> 2.3% <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="close">close</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="lowest">lowest</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="in">in</span> 30 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="beforerising">beforerising</span> <span word="slightly">slightly</span> <span word="to">to</span> 2.5% <span word="this">this</span> <span word="July">July</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="double">double</span>-<span word="digitrates">digitrates</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="experienced">experienced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1980<span word="s">s</span>.　　<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="forecasters">forecasters</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="predicted">predicted</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1994<span word="the">the</span> <span word="panel">panel</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Economist">Economist</span> <span word="polls">polls</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span> <span word="inflationrate">inflationrate</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="average">average</span> 3.5% <span word="in">in</span> 1995. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="to">to</span> 2.6% <span word="in">in</span> <span word="August">August</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="isexpected">isexpected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="about">about</span> 3% <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Japaninflation">Japaninflation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="percentage">percentage</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="predicted">predicted</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="theend">theend</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span>; <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>,<span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="America">America</span>.　　<span word="Economists">Economists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="favourable">favourable</span> <span word="inflationfigures">inflationfigures</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="suggestthat">suggestthat</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="economies">economies</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="littleproductive">littleproductive</span> <span word="slack">slack</span>. <span word="Americas">Americas</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="utilisation">utilisation</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="hit">hit</span> <span word="historically">historically</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="levelsearlier">levelsearlier</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="jobless">jobless</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="fallen">fallen</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="mostestimates">mostestimates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span>-<span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="inflationhas">inflationhas</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>.　　<span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="proved">proved</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="mild">mild</span>? <span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="thrilling">thrilling</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="is">is</span>,<span word="unfortunately">unfortunately</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="defective">defective</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="powerfulstructural">powerfulstructural</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="upended">upended</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="werebased">werebased</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span>.　　67. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> ________.　　（<span word="A">A</span>）<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="definite">definite</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="interestrates">interestrates</span>　　（<span word="B">B</span>）<span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="models">models</span>　　（<span word="C">C</span>）<span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span>　　（<span word="D">D</span>）<span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="foreseen">foreseen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>　　68. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="TRUE">TRUE</span>?　　（<span word="A">A</span>）<span word="Making">Making</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="comparable">comparable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span>.　　（<span word="B">B</span>）<span word="An">An</span> <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="jobless">jobless</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span>.　　（<span word="C">C</span>）<span word="A">A</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span>.　　（<span word="D">D</span>）<span word="Interest">Interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>.　　69. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> ________.　　（<span word="A">A</span>）<span word="the">the</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="time">time</span>　　（<span word="B">B</span>）<span word="the">the</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="rise">rise</span>　　（<span word="C">C</span>）<span word="the">the</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="disappear">disappear</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span>　　（<span word="D">D</span>）<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="present">present</span>　　70. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="is">is</span> ________ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="presentsituation">presentsituation</span>.　　（<span word="A">A</span>）<span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="of">of</span> （<span word="B">B</span>）<span word="puzzled">puzzled</span> <span word="by">by</span> （<span word="C">C</span>）<span word="disappointed">disappointed</span> <span word="at">at</span> （<span word="D">D</span>）<span word="amazed">amazed</span> <span word="at">at</span>　　答案及试题解析　　67.（<span word="C">C</span>）意为：经济形势比预想的好。　　第三段指出，它（指：平均通货膨胀率）也比多数预测者预测的低。《经济学家》杂志每月调查的经济学家小组称：1995年美国平均通货膨胀率会达3.5％左右，但是，8月份它实际降至2.6％，全年也不过3％左右；在英国和日本，平均通货膨胀率比上年底预测的低0.5个百分点（或：半个百分点）。而且，在过去几年里一直是如此（<span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span>）：在英美两国，平均通货膨胀率一直比预测的要低。　　<span word="A">A</span>意为：通货膨胀与利率有直接关系。第一段第二句明确指出：利率与通货膨胀间的关系是不确定的。　　<span word="B">B</span>意为：经济（的运行）总是遵循某些模式（或：规律）。第一段指出，使经济软着陆使经济刹车，人们经常使用这样的词来形容货币政策的作用，听起来它似乎是一门严谨的学问。事实远非如此（<span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>.它根本就不是一门严谨精确的学问）。下文从持续低的通货膨胀率的意外的形势来说明了经济运行难以预测。　　<span word="D">D</span>意为：经济学家们预测到了目前的经济形势。相反，正如第四段第一句所指出的，经济学家对目前有利的通货膨胀率始料未及。另请参阅上文分析。　　68.（<span word="B">B</span>）意为：极低的失业率会导向通货膨胀。　　第四段指出，从传统的（衡量）标准来看，英美两国（特别是美国）的经济生产并没有滑坡（<span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="slack">slack</span>），例如：美国的设备（能力）利用率（<span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="utilisation">utilisation</span>）今年初达到历史最高水平，其失业率已低于多数正常失业率所允许的数字-过去认为：失业率低于正常失业率时通货膨胀率就开始上升（<span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span>）。　　<span word="A">A</span>意为：制定货币政策如同开车。根据第一段第四、五句，在政策的变化对经济起实际作用之前，会有很长而难以确定的（<span word="variable">variable</span>）时间差（<span word="lag">lag</span>意为：滞后性）。所以，许多人把货币政策实施过程比作驾驶一辆遮住挡风玻璃、后视镜已断裂、方向盘有毛病的汽车。换言之，他们认为，货币政策的制定和实施有很大程度的不可预测性或盲目性。可见，<span word="A">A</span>表达的意思不确切。　　<span word="C">C</span>意为：通货膨胀导致高失业率。注意，在这里，<span word="inflation">inflation</span>一词前没有修饰词，际上，过低的失业率会导致通货膨胀率的上升。参阅上文分析。　　<span word="D">D</span>意为：利率对经济有直接而迅速的影响。参阅上文分析。　　69.（<span word="A">A</span>）<span word="a">a</span> <span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span>意为：昙花一现，偶然出现的情况。　　参阅第67题题解。　　（<span word="B">B</span>）、（<span word="C">C</span>）、（<span word="D">D</span>）均不对。　　70.（<span word="D">D</span>）意为：对感到惊奇，认为不可思议。　　本文主要评述了目前良好的经济形势，它是由持续低的通货膨胀率造成的，是始料未及的。作者强调了目前形势的始料不及的一面（尤其是第二、三、四段的描述）。　　<span word="A">A</span>意为：批评。　　<span word="B">B</span>意为：因感到困惑（不解）。　　<span word="C">C</span>意为：对感到失望。　　翻译句子　　1、<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span>; <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>,<span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="consistently">consistently</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="America">America</span>.　　[参考译文]这不是在很长时间里仅有的一次短暂成功；在过去的几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预期水平。　　[结构剖析]这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两个子句，是递进关系。第一句话中，<span word="no">no</span> 可以用 <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> 代替。后面一个句子中 <span word="inflation">inflation</span> 是主语，使用了被动语态的现在完成时态。<span word="lower">lower</span> 是表语, <span word="than">than</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> 和 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="America">America</span>, 以及前面的 <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pastcouple">pastcouple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span> 都是介词短语作状语。　　[阅读重点]首先应该注意到那个分号，可以把分号前后分别作为一个简单句单独对待。另外在后面一个句子中，应该抓住 <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="lower">lower</span>这个基本结构（被动语态，现在完成时态）。<span word="flash">flash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span> 是习语，意思是 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="repeated">repeated</span>, 接近汉语中的昙花一现。　　2、<span word="The">The</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="thrilling">thrilling</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="unfortunately">unfortunately</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="littledefective">littledefective</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="structural">structural</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worldhave">worldhave</span> <span word="upended">upended</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="betweengrowth">betweengrowth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span>.　　[参考译文]很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。　　[结构剖析]在第一个句子里面，主干是 <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="defective">defective</span>. 这是一个主语+系动词+表语结构。副词 <span word="unfortunately">unfortunately</span> 是插入语，作状语。第二个句子的主干并不复杂： <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span>，代词 <span word="that">that</span> 后面是宾语从句。这个宾语从句的基本结构为 <span word="structural">structural</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="upended">upended</span> <span word="models">models</span>，其中 <span word="structural">structural</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>是主语，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="upended">upended</span> 是现在完成时态的谓语，<span word="models">models</span> 是宾语。这个宾语 <span word="models">models</span> 后面是一个 <span word="that">that</span> 引导的限定性定语从句，修饰 <span word="models">models</span>.　　[阅读重点]第一个句子相对比较简单。第二个句子看着很长，但是只要明确了句子的主干，就很容易把整个句子看明白。可以先甩掉宾语从句中的那个定语从句（<span word="that">that</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="andinflation">andinflation</span>），这样这个句子结构就显得简单多了。然后再接这个定语从句，整句的意思就浮出水面了。另外注意 <span word="upend">upend</span> 一词由动词短语<span word="end">end</span> <span word="up">up</span>衍生而来，意为结束，推翻。　　补充难句翻译　　1、<span word="Much">Much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>， <span word="such">such</span> <span word="assteering">assteering</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="soft">soft</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brakes">brakes</span>，<span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="itsound">itsound</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="precise">precise</span> <span word="science">science</span>. <span word="Nothing">Nothing</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>.　　[参考译文]有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如轻踩刹车以操纵经济软着陆，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。　　[结构剖析]在第一个句子中，其主干为<span word="Muchof">Muchof</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="language">language</span>， <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="like">like</span>。<span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>是用于修饰<span word="language">language</span>的定语，后面的<span word="suchas">suchas</span> <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="soft">soft</span> <span word="landing">landing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brakes">brakes</span>是对前面的<span word="language">language</span>进行进一步说明。第二个句子是一个简单句。　　[阅读重点]如上所述的句子主干被确定之后，句子就不难理解了。为了简化这个句子以便于理解，可以先把<span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span>引导的部分忽略不看，那样整个句子就比较好掌握了。注意<span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="precise">precise</span> <span word="science">science</span>当中<span word="it">it</span>指代前面提到的<span word="monetarypolicy">monetarypolicy</span>.　　2、<span word="Hence">Hence</span> <span word="theanalogy">theanalogy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="likens">likens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="ablackened">ablackened</span> <span word="windscreen">windscreen</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cracked">cracked</span> <span word="rearview">rearview</span> <span word="mirror">mirror</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="faulty">faulty</span> <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>.　　[参考译文]因此这样的类比（就如同）把执行货币政策比作驾驶着一辆涂黑了挡风玻璃，打碎了后视镜，并且方向盘无法正常工作的汽车。　　[结构剖析]这句话承接前面陈述的原因。<span word="hence">hence</span>后面只是一个名词词组，中心词是<span word="the">the</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span>，后面<span word="that">that</span>引导定语从句修饰前面的<span word="analogy">analogy</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blackened">blackened</span> <span word="windscreen">windscreen</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cracked">cracked</span> <span word="rearviewand">rearviewand</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="faulty">faulty</span> <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>是介词词组修饰前面的名词<span word="car">car</span>.注意此句没有谓语动词，只是一个名词性的短语。　　[阅读重点]理解这句话的关键在于<span word="hence">hence</span>的用法。<span word="hence">hence</span>的意思是<span word="for">for</span> <span word="thisreason">thisreason</span>，因此，所以，主要用于书面语，是副词，可以连接一个完整的句子，也可以只跟一个名词。例如：<span word="Baby">Baby</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pot">pot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paint">paint</span>，<span word="hence">hence</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="markson">markson</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>.另外<span word="liken">liken</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="B">B</span>意思是把<span word="A">A</span>与<span word="B">B</span>相比，把<span word="A">A</span>比作<span word="B">B</span>.　　3、<span word="Economistshave">Economistshave</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="favorable">favorable</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="figures">figures</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="andthe">andthe</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>， <span word="since">since</span> <span word="conentional">conentional</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="economies">economies</span>， <span word="andespecially">andespecially</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span>， <span word="have">have</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="slack">slack</span>.　　[参考译文]经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产萧条的时候。　　[结构剖析]这是一个主从复合句，连词<span word="since">since</span>连接了两句子。主句的主干是<span word="Economistshave">Economistshave</span> <span word="beensurprised">beensurprised</span> <span word="by">by</span>。原因状语从句的主干是<span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span>，代词<span word="that">that</span>引导了宾语从句作为<span word="suggest">suggest</span>的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，<span word="andespecially">andespecially</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span>相当于<span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>，是前面主语<span word="both">both</span> <span word="economies">economies</span>的同位语，用于强调美国经济。　　[阅读重点]这里应该首先注意到<span word="since">since</span>这个连词，然后分别理解两个句子，再把它们放在一起，这个句子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意<span word="suggest">suggest</span>不是建议的意思，而应该是显示，指示。　　语言点详解　　1. <span word="monetary">monetary</span>货币的　　[大纲词汇]<span word="monetary">monetary</span> <span word="a">a</span>.金融的，货币的　　[经典例句] <span word="The">The</span> <span word="newmonetary">newmonetary</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="revitalize">revitalize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>.　　2. <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="sth">sth</span> <span word="to">to</span>引导　　[大纲词汇] <span word="steerv">steerv</span>.驾驶，掌握　　[经典例句] <span word="Thereceptionist">Thereceptionist</span> <span word="steered">steered</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="room">room</span>.　　3. <span word="soft">soft</span> <span word="landing">landing</span>软着陆　　4. <span word="a">a</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thebrakes">thebrakes</span>踩刹车　　[大纲词汇] <span word="braken">braken</span>./<span word="v">v</span>制动（器），刹车，闸　　5. <span word="precise">precise</span>精确的　　[大纲词汇] <span word="precisea">precisea</span>.精确的，准确的　　[经典例句] <span word="Hefinished">Hefinished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="precise">precise</span> <span word="instructions">instructions</span>.　　6. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="fromthe">fromthe</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>离真理更远了　　[大纲词汇] <span word="furtherad">furtherad</span>./<span word="a">a</span>.更远（的），更往前（的）；进一步（的）<span word="further">further</span> <span word="from">from</span>（<span word="far">far</span> <span word="from">from</span>）的比较级，表示离更远　　[经典例句]<span word="If">If</span> <span word="youfollow">youfollow</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="direction">direction</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="destination">destination</span>.　　7. <span word="long">long</span>， <span word="variablelags">variablelags</span>长期，多变的滞后状况　　[大纲词汇]<span word="lag">lag</span> <span word="n">n</span>./.落后（于），滞后（于）<span word="variablea">variablea</span>.易变的；可变的，变量的；<span word="n">n</span>.变量　　8. <span word="analogy">analogy</span>类比　　[大纲词汇] <span word="analogyn">analogyn</span>比拟，类比<span word="analog">analog</span>/<span word="analogue">analogue</span> <span word="n">n</span>.类似物；模拟　　[经典例句]<span word="I">I</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="noanalogy">noanalogy</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mine">mine</span>.　　9. <span word="liken">liken</span>把比作　　[扩充词汇] <span word="likenv">likenv</span>.把比作（<span word="to">to</span>）　　[经典例句] <span word="Helikens">Helikens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="archeologist">archeologist</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="detective">detective</span> <span word="searching">searching</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="clues">clues</span>.　　10. <span word="conduct">conduct</span>管理方式　　[大纲词汇] <span word="conductn">conductn</span>.行为，品行，举动<span word="v">v</span>.引导，带领；处理，管理；指挥（乐队）；传导，传（热，电等）　　[经典例句]<span word="Hisconduct">Hisconduct</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="successful">successful</span>.　　11. <span word="windscreen">windscreen</span>（汽车上的）挡风玻璃　　12. <span word="rearview">rearview</span>（车辆上的）后视镜　　13. <span word="faulty">faulty</span>有毛病的　　[大纲词汇] <span word="faultya">faultya</span>.有缺点的，有错误的<span word="fault">fault</span> <span word="n">n</span>.过失，过错；缺点，毛病　　[经典例句]<span word="Theaccident">Theaccident</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="owing">owing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="faulty">faulty</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span>.　　14. <span word="steering">steering</span> <span word="wheel">wheel</span>（汽车上的）方向盘　　15. <span word="boast">boast</span> <span word="about">about</span>夸耀　　[大纲词汇] <span word="boastv">boastv</span>.（<span word="of">of</span>，<span word="about">about</span>）自夸，夸耀；<span word="n">n</span>.自夸，大话　　[经典例句] <span word="Heboasted">Heboasted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="purchased">purchased</span> <span word="lately">lately</span>.　　16. <span word="of">of</span> <span word="late">late</span>最近以来　　[扩充词汇]<span word="of">of</span> <span word="late">late</span>最近以来　　[经典例句]<span word="Helooked">Helooked</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="tired">tired</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="late">late</span>　　17. <span word="inflation">inflation</span>通货膨胀　　[大纲词汇]<span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="n">n</span>.通货膨胀　　[经典例句] <span word="Newpolicies">Newpolicies</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="curb">curb</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span>.　　18. <span word="double">double</span>-<span word="digit">digit</span>两位数　　19. <span word="forecaster">forecaster</span>预测者　　[大纲词汇]<span word="forecast">forecast</span> <span word="v">v</span>./<span word="n">n</span>.预测，预报　　[衍生词汇]<span word="forecaster">forecaster</span> <span word="n">n</span>.天气预报员；（经济形式的预测者）　　[经典例句] <span word="Heworks">Heworks</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="forecaster">forecaster</span>.　　20. <span word="predict">predict</span>预测　　[大纲词汇] <span word="predictv">predictv</span>.预测，预言，预告　　[经典例句]<span word="It">It</span> <span word="didsnow">didsnow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="predicted">predicted</span>.　　21.<span word="panel">panel</span>专门小组　　[大纲词汇] <span word="paneln">paneln</span>.面，板；控制板，仪表盘；专门小组　　[经典例句] <span word="Thepanel">Thepanel</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Monday">Monday</span>.　　22. <span word="poll">poll</span>民意测验　　[大纲词汇] <span word="poll">poll</span> <span word="n">n</span>.民意测验；（<span word="pl">pl</span>.）政治选举，大选；<span word="v">v</span>.对一进行民意测验；获得选票　　[经典例句] <span word="TheRepublican">TheRepublican</span> <span word="candidate">candidate</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="margin">margin</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="poll">poll</span>.　　23. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="noflash">noflash</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pan">pan</span>.情况并未发生逆转。　　[扩充词汇] <span word="flash">flash</span>来回的转换；<span word="pan">pan</span>平底锅　　24. <span word="favourable">favourable</span>有利的　　[大纲词汇]<span word="favourable">favourable</span>/ <span word="favorable">favorable</span> <span word="a">a</span>.赞许的，有利的，顺利的　　[词汇比较]<span word="favorite">favorite</span>/<span word="favourite">favourite</span> <span word="a">a</span>.最喜欢的，中意的注意；两词同是<span word="favor">favor</span>的衍生词汇，但意思不同，注意区别。　　[经典例句] <span word="Thesituation">Thesituation</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="favorable">favorable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="rivals">rivals</span>.　　25. <span word="productiveslack">productiveslack</span>生产萧条　　[大纲词汇] <span word="slacka">slacka</span>.懈怠的，懒散的，松弛的，不紧的；萧条的；<span word="n">n</span>.淡季，萧条；[<span word="pl">pl</span>.]便裤，运动裤　　[经典例句] <span word="Thereis">Thereis</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="slack">slack</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>.　　26. <span word="utilisation">utilisation</span>利用　　[大纲词汇]<span word="utilization">utilization</span> / <span word="untilization">untilization</span> <span word="n">n</span>.利用<span word="utilize">utilize</span>/<span word="utilise">utilise</span> <span word="v">v</span>.利用<span word="utility">utility</span> <span word="n">n</span>.有用，效用　　[经典例句」<span word="Theutilisation">Theutilisation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="solar">solar</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="partly">partly</span> <span word="solved">solved</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thisarea">thisarea</span>.　　27. <span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span>开始　　[扩充词义]<span word="take">take</span> <span word="off">off</span>开始，开始流行　　[经典例句]<span word="Thedesign">Thedesign</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="colleges">colleges</span>.　　25. <span word="thrilling">thrilling</span>令人震惊的　　[大纲词汇] <span word="thrilln">thrilln</span>.令人激动的事；<span word="v">v</span>.使激动，使兴奋；使毛骨谏然　　[衍生词汇]<span word="thrillinga">thrillinga</span>.令人震惊的，令人激动的　　[经典例句] <span word="Thestory">Thestory</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thrilling">thrilling</span> <span word="climax">climax</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span>.　　29. <span word="defective">defective</span>有缺陷的　　[大纲词汇]<span word="defectn">defectn</span>.缺点，缺陷　　[衍生词汇]<span word="defective">defective</span> <span word="a">a</span>.有缺陷的　　[经典例句] <span word="Hereturned">Hereturned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="defective">defective</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="salesman">salesman</span>　　30. <span word="upend">upend</span>颠倒　　[扩充词汇] <span word="upendv">upendv</span>.颠倒，使倒立，倒放；打倒，推翻　　[经典例句]<span word="Heupended">Heupended</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wine">wine</span> <span word="bottle">bottle</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="glass">glass</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="ortwo">ortwo</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="out">out</span>.　　31. <span word="foresee">foresee</span>预见　　[大纲词汇] <span word="foreseev">foreseev</span>.预见，预知　　[经典例句] <span word="Thecaptain">Thecaptain</span> <span word="foresaw">foresaw</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="danger">danger</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span>.　　32. <span word="bo">bo</span> <span word="comparableto">comparableto</span>可比较的　　[大纲词汇]<span word="comparable">comparable</span> <span word="a">a</span>.（<span word="with">with</span>，<span word="to">to</span>）可比较的，比得上的　　[经典例句] <span word="Thedinner">Thedinner</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="comparable">comparable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span>.　　33. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="puzzled">puzzled</span> <span word="by">by</span>迷惑　　[大纲词汇] <span word="puzzlev">puzzlev</span>.（使）迷惑，（使）为难；<span word="n">n</span>.难题，谜，迷惑　　[经典例句] <span word="We">We</span> <span word="areall">areall</span> <span word="puzzled">puzzled</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="abnormal">abnormal</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>.　　34. <span word="be">be</span> <span word="amazed">amazed</span> <span word="at">at</span>对感到惊讶　　[大纲词汇] <span word="amazev">amazev</span>.使惊愕，使惊奇，是惊叹　　[经典例句] <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wasamazed">wasamazed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>.　　全文翻译　　很多用来描述货币政策的词，如引导经济软着陆，触动经济刹车，听起来像是一门精确的科学。事实远非如此。利率和通货膨胀之间的关系难以确定。在政策改变对经济产生影响前会有一段较长时间且变化不定的后滞期。因此，才会有人将货币政策的指导比做是驾驶一辆带有黑色挡风玻璃、后视镜破碎及方向盘失灵的汽车。　　尽管有这么多不利因素，中央银行家们似乎对近来的形势有了不少值得夸耀的东西。西方七大工业国去年的平均通货膨胀率降至仅2.3％，接近30年来的最低水平。今年7月略微升高到2.5％。这远远低于许多国家在70年代和80年代早期经历的两位数的膨胀率。　　这也低于许多预测者预测的数字。1994年底，每月接受《经济学家》意见调查的一组经济学家指出，美国在1995年的平均通货膨胀率将达到3.5％。实际上，8月份就降到了2.6％。而且有望达到全年平均仅为3％。去年年底，英国和日本的通货膨胀率实际上比预测的要低半个百分点。这不是昙花一现。在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。　　经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时候。比如，美国的生产力利用率在今年前段时间达到了历史最高水平，失业率（8月份为5.6％）已降到低于对自然失业率的大多数估测-过去，当比率低于自然失业率时，通货膨胀率早已迅速上升。　　为何通货膨胀如此的和缓？可惜的是，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的变化已经推翻了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史上相互关联为基础的旧的经济模式。</p>

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