考研英语真题阅读试题及名师解析(二十七)
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="spite">spite</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="endless">endless</span> <span word="talkof">talkof</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>, <span word="American">American</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="amazing">amazing</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="homogenizing">homogenizing</span> <span word="people">people</span>.<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="democratizing">democratizing</span> <span word="uniformity">uniformity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discourse">discourse</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thecasualness">thecasualness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="absence">absence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="characteristic">characteristic</span> <span word="ofpopular">ofpopular</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="absorbed">absorbed</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="ofconsumption">ofconsumption</span> <span word="launched">launched</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="th">th</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="stores">stores</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="arraysof">arraysof</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="elegant">elegant</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span>. <span word="Instead">Instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="intimate">intimate</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="catering">catering</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="aknowledgeable">aknowledgeable</span> <span word="elite">elite</span>。 <span word="these">these</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="stores">stores</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="enter">enter</span>, <span word="regardless">regardless</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="background">background</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="turnedshopping">turnedshopping</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="democratic">democratic</span> <span word="act">act</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="media">media</span>,<span word="advertising">advertising</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="homogenization">homogenization</span>。 <span word="Immigrants">Immigrants</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="fitting">fitting</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="maynot">maynot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="altogether">altogether</span> <span word="elevating">elevating</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="poisonous">poisonous</span>. <span word="Writing">Writing</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="NationalImmigration">NationalImmigration</span> <span word="Forum">Forum</span>, <span word="Gregory">Gregory</span> <span word="Rodriguez">Rodriguez</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="todaysimmigration">todaysimmigration</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="unprecedented">unprecedented</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="resistant">resistant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="assimilation">assimilation</span>. <span word="In">In</span>1998 <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="were">were</span> 9.8 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span>; <span word="in">in</span> 1900, 13.6 <span word="percent">percent</span> .<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span>10 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="prior">prior</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1990, 3.1 <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> 1,000 <span word="residents">residents</span>; <span word="inthe">inthe</span> 10<span word="years">years</span> <span word="prior">prior</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1890, 9.2 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> 1,000. <span word="Now">Now</span>, <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="indices">indices</span> <span word="ofassimilation">ofassimilation</span>-<span word="language">language</span>, <span word="home">home</span> <span word="ownership">ownership</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="intermarriage">intermarriage</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> 1990 <span word="Census">Census</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="ofimmigrants">ofimmigrants</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fifteen">fifteen</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="spokeEnglish">spokeEnglish</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="residence">residence</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="ofimmigrants">ofimmigrants</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="bilingual">bilingual</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="proficient">proficient</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="thirdgeneration">thirdgeneration</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immigrant">immigrant</span> <span word="families">families</span>。 <span word="Hence">Hence</span> <span word="thedescription">thedescription</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="graveyard">graveyard</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>. <span word="By">By</span> 1996 <span word="foreignborn">foreignborn</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="whohad">whohad</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="before">before</span> 1970 <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="ownership">ownership</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> 75.6 <span word="percent">percent</span>, <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="thanthe">thanthe</span> 69.8 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="native">native</span>-<span word="born">born</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span>。 <span word="Foreign">Foreign</span>-<span word="born">born</span> <span word="Asians">Asians</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Hispanics">Hispanics</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="ofintermarriage">ofintermarriage</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="born">born</span> <span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span>。 <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="generation">generation</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Hispanic">Hispanic</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="tonon">tonon</span>-<span word="Hispanics">Hispanics</span>, <span word="and">and</span> 41 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="AsianAmerican">AsianAmerican</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="aremarried">aremarried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="non">non</span>-<span word="Asians">Asians</span>。 <span word="Rodriguez">Rodriguez</span> <span word="notes">notes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="remote">remote</span> <span word="villages">villages</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worldare">worldare</span> <span word="fans">fans</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="superstars">superstars</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Arnold">Arnold</span> <span word="Schwarzenegger">Schwarzenegger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Garth">Garth</span> <span word="Brooks">Brooks</span>, <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="someAmericans">someAmericans</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="somehowimmune">somehowimmune</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nations">nations</span> <span word="assimilative">assimilative</span> <span word="power">power</span>。 <span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="divisive">divisive</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pockets">pockets</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="seething">seething</span> <span word="anger">anger</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>?<span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bit">bit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="everything">everything</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="whenviewed">whenviewed</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span> <span word="turbulent">turbulent</span> <span word="past">past</span>, <span word="todays">todays</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="indiceshardly">indiceshardly</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dark">dark</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="deteriorating">deteriorating</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>。 21. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="homogenizing">homogenizing</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="means">means</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="identifying">identifying</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="associating">associating</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="assimilating">assimilating</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="monopolizing">monopolizing</span>。 22. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="stores">stores</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="thcentury">thcentury</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="played">played</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="became">became</span> <span word="intimate">intimate</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="satisfied">satisfied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="knowledgeable">knowledgeable</span> <span word="elite">elite</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="owed">owed</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="emergence">emergence</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span>。 23. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>。 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="resistant">resistant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="homogenization">homogenization</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="exert">exert</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="threat">threat</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="constitute">constitute</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span>。 24. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="Arnold">Arnold</span> <span word="Schwarzenegger">Schwarzenegger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Garth">Garth</span> <span word="Brooks">Brooks</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="inParagraph">inParagraph</span> 5? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="popularity">popularity</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="reveal">reveal</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publics">publics</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>。 25. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="absorption">absorption</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="rewarding">rewarding</span>. [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="successful">successful</span>. [<span word="C">C</span>]. <span word="fruitless">fruitless</span>. [<span word="D">D</span>]. <span word="harmful">harmful</span>。 名师解析 21. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="homogenizing">homogenizing</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="homogenizing">homogenizing</span>一词的大致意思是 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="identifying">identifying</span>. 识别确认 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="associating">associating</span>. 联系，联合 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="assimilating">assimilating</span>. 吸收，同化 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="monopolizing">monopolizing</span>. 独占，垄断 【答案】 <span word="C">C</span> 【考点】 词义题。 【分析】 本题的答案直接可以定位到第一句话。文章说尽管人们不停地谈论差异，用到了表示转折的<span word="in">in</span> <span word="spite">spite</span> <span word="of">of</span>，后面显然就是与前面的意思相反了。差异的反面自然是相同。如果考生没有把握，只要继续读两句，就会发现作者描述的都是一个同化了的社会的特征。而<span word="homogenize">homogenize</span>这个单词，如果从词根来分析，也不难判断。<span word="homo">homo</span>表示相同的，比如同性恋就是<span word="homosexual">homosexual</span>，而<span word="homogenize">homogenize</span>的原意就是使均匀，均质化，所以只有[<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="assimilate">assimilate</span>这个单词合适。<span word="assimilate">assimilate</span>的本意是吸收，消化，后引申为使相同、使相象，以及把同化到盛行的文化中。[<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="identify">identify</span>一般表示对身份的识别，确认，不合题意。[<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="associate">associate</span>表示联系，联合，不合题意。[<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="monopolize">monopolize</span>，这个单词由<span word="mono">mono</span>+<span word="pole">pole</span>构成，用在本处意思不符合。 22. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="stores">stores</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span>19<span word="th">th</span>-<span word="century">century</span> 在作者看来，19世纪的商场 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="played">played</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. 在传播流行文化方面发挥了作用。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="became">became</span> <span word="intimate">intimate</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span>. 成为了和普通消费者关系亲密的商店。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="satisfied">satisfied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="knowledgeable">knowledgeable</span> <span word="elite">elite</span>. 满足了知识精英的需要。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="owed">owed</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="emergence">emergence</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span>. 其出现归功于消费文化。 【答案】 <span word="A">A</span> 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 题干关键词<span word="departmentstores">departmentstores</span>出现在第一段第三句，该句子的意思是人们沉迷于一种始于19世纪的商场的消费文化。随后进一步解释说商场和那些精品店不一样，是人人都可以去的，购物变成了一种民主和公众的活动。也就是说，商场对于流行文化的传播起到了推动的作用，故[<span word="A">A</span>]为本题的正确答案。[<span word="B">B</span>]的错误在于它故意将那些迎合精英人士的精品店与其顾客的那种亲密的关系用在商场与普通消费者的关系上。[<span word="C">C</span>]的错误在于商场满足的是普通大众的需要，而不是那些知识精英的需要。至于[<span word="D">D</span>]，它故意颠倒了因果关系，商场的出现推动了流行文化的发展，而并不是流行文化导致了商场的出现。而且作者在这一段结束的时候，还提到，其它的一些推动流行文化发展的因素还有大众传媒、广告以及运动业。 23. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>。 本文暗示现在美国的移民 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="resistant">resistant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="homogenization">homogenization</span>. 对于同化是抵制的。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="exert">exert</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. 对美国文化施加了很大的影响。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="threat">threat</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. 对大众文化几乎没有威胁。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="constitute">constitute</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="population">population</span>. 占人口大多数。 【答案】 <span word="C">C</span> 【考点】 推断题。 【分析】 题干中出现了<span word="immigrant">immigrant</span>这个关键单词，就是告诉考生，本题解题的关键是和移民相关的内容。只有阅读完相关的内容，才有可能正确答对本题。<span word="immigrant">immigrant</span>可以定位到第二段。文章说移民正在快速适应这个大众文化。第二句就引用记者的话说如今的移民既未达到前所未有的水平，而且也不抵制同化。这样一来，就可以排除[<span word="A">A</span>]。后面提到美国移民的人口比率只有百分之几，显然不可能是人口的大多数，因此[<span word="D">D</span>]移民占人口大多数可以被我们排除。不但人数不占优势，所占比率还在缩小，因此，可以说[<span word="C">C</span>]对大众文化几乎没有威胁是合适的。至于[<span word="B">B</span>]项，文中没有提及。但是考虑到人数这么少，对美国施加巨大的影响一说就不太现实了。 24. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="Arnold">Arnold</span> <span word="Schwarzenegger">Schwarzenegger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Garth">Garth</span> <span word="Brooks">Brooks</span> <span word="mentioned">mentioned</span> <span word="inParagraph">inParagraph</span> 5? 第五段中为什么提到阿诺德施瓦辛格和葛斯布鲁克斯? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="popularity">popularity</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>. 为了证明他们在全球都很受欢迎。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="reveal">reveal</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publics">publics</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="ofimmigrants">ofimmigrants</span>. 为了表明公众对移民的恐惧。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span>. 为了举出成功移民的范例。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="To">To</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. 为了展示美国文化的强大影响。 【答案】 <span word="D">D</span> 【考点】 推断题。 【分析】 通常在议论文或者说明文中出现事例，引用他人的话等等都是为了说明某一点或者证明某一点。通过引用来判断作者的目的和意图也是英语考试中最常见的命题方法。通过关键词汇阿诺德施瓦辛格和葛斯布鲁克斯定位到第五段。在第二段的时候，作者提到了同化的三个标志，即，语言，房产所有权和异族通婚，第三段讲语言和房产拥有权，第四段讲异族通婚，都是为了说明美国社会的同化能力很强大。第五段提及两个名人的目的就是说连国外的偏僻的地方的小孩儿都是美国超级巨星的崇拜者，居然美国还有人担心那些生活在美国的移民对同化免疫。也就是说，作者还是要证明美国文化的强大影响力，故[<span word="D">D</span>]为本题的正确答案。[<span word="A">A</span>]只是描述了一个表面的事实，而不是作者的意图目的。[<span word="B">B</span>]的错误出在它曲解了作者引用罗德里格兹的话的意图，作者以上所提及的，都是为了证明美国文化的强大。因为作者紧接着说美国实在太大了，什么问题都能沾上点边儿，存在意见分歧的问题，以及一些人很愤怒，都是事实存在，但是都是不必担心的。言下之意就是，怎么还会有美国人担心那些生活在美国的移民对同化免疫?根本不用担心，因为相比美国动乱的历史，这一切几乎不会有什么影响的。[<span word="C">C</span>]为了举出成功移民的范例与作者的写作意图则相差很远。 25. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="absorption">absorption</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> 在作者看来，移民融入到美国社会是 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="rewarding">rewarding</span>. 值得的，有回报的 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="successful">successful</span>. 成功的 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="fruitless">fruitless</span>. 没有成果的 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="harmful">harmful</span>. 有害的 【答案】 <span word="B">B</span> 【考点】 推理题。 【分析】 该类型题往往需要通过关键词来寻找答案。本题问的是作者对移民融入美国社会这样一件事的看法，关键词是移民融入美国社会，考查的是考生能否从大量的细节中判断出作者的观点是什么。本文作者通篇讲述美国的文化是多么强大，同化的能力是多么强大，但是作者没有说同化给美国人带来了什么好处，只是说移民对美国不构成威胁。因此排除[<span word="A">A</span>]。然后比较[<span word="B">B</span>]和[<span word="C">C</span>]。选项[<span word="B">B</span>]认为美国的移民同化很成功，[<span word="C">C</span>]认为美国的移民同化没有成果，但是通读全文来看，从开始的移民不抵制同化，到适应大众文化，到住房比率比美国本土人士高，到与异族通婚等等此类的信息告诉我们，美国的移民同化是成功的，不是没有成果的。故排除[<span word="C">C</span>]，[<span word="B">B</span>]为本题的正确答案。[<span word="D">D</span>]项错误，因为作者在第二段说这种文化虽然不怎么高尚，但是却是无害的。 难句解析： 1. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="isthe">isthe</span> <span word="democratizing">democratizing</span> <span word="uniformity">uniformity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discourse">discourse</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thecasualness">thecasualness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="absence">absence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="differencecharacteristic">differencecharacteristic</span> <span word="ofpopular">ofpopular</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>。 【结构分析】本句是一个<span word="there">there</span> <span word="be">be</span>结构，主语有<span word="the">the</span> <span word="democratizing">democratizing</span> <span word="uniformity">uniformity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="discourse">discourse</span>和<span word="thecasualness">thecasualness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="absence">absence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>。作者将两个主语用双引号括在一起，后面加上<span word="characteristic">characteristic</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>做这两个主语的后置定语。 2. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="absorbed">absorbed</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="ofconsumption">ofconsumption</span> <span word="launched">launched</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="th">th</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="stores">stores</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="arraysof">arraysof</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="elegant">elegant</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span>。 【结构分析】本句的主干结构是<span word="People">People</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="absorbed">absorbed</span> <span word="intoa">intoa</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="ofconsumption">ofconsumption</span>，后接的<span word="launched">launched</span>是过去分词做后置定语。在这个后置定语里面，又出现一个<span word="that">that</span>引导的定语从句，<span word="that">that</span>指代<span word="department">department</span> <span word="stores">stores</span>。 3. <span word="In">In</span> 1998 <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="were">were</span> 9.8 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span>; <span word="in">in</span> 1900, 13.6<span word="percent">percent</span> .<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 10 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="prior">prior</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1990, 3.1 <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> 1,000<span word="residents">residents</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 10 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="prior">prior</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1890, 9.2 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> 1,000. 【结构分析】很多考生无法理解，问为什么移民比例前面是9.8%和13.6%，后面又说移民是每千个人中有3.1个和9.2个?这里特别强调，后面的这两个数据，即3.1和9.2，指的是1980至1990，以及1880到1890之间达到的每千人平均移民人数，原文作者用的是<span word="arrived">arrived</span>，即，新来的，新增加的。也就是说，在1980至1990年间，每1000个居民中新增加3.1个移民;在1880到1890之间，每1000个居民中新增加9.2个移民。 4. <span word="The">The</span> 1990 <span word="Census">Census</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="ofimmigrants">ofimmigrants</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fifteen">fifteen</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="spokeEnglishwellorvery">spokeEnglishwellorvery</span> <span word="wellafter">wellafter</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="residence">residence</span>。 【结构分析】句子主干是<span word="The">The</span> 1990 <span word="Census">Census</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span>，<span word="that">that</span>引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是<span word="a">a</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="immigrants">immigrants</span>，<span word="from">from</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thefifteen">thefifteen</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="origin">origin</span>做后置定语修饰该主语。本句难点是<span word="mostcommon">mostcommon</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="origin">origin</span>，正确的理解是最常见的15个移民输出国。这些移民输出国并非也不可能都是讲英语的国家。 5. <span word="Foreign">Foreign</span>-<span word="born">born</span> <span word="Asians">Asians</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Hispanicshave">Hispanicshave</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="ofintermarriage">ofintermarriage</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.<span word="born">born</span> <span word="whites">whites</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blacks">blacks</span>。 【结构分析】本题的理解难点在于<span word="intermarriage">intermarriage</span>。这里的异族通婚指的不是亚裔和西班牙裔之间或者白人与黑人之间，事实上，只要是和非本族人结婚，都属于异族通婚。所以不能理解为亚裔和西班牙裔的通婚比白人和黑人之间的通婚高。 全文翻译： 尽管不停地谈论差异，美国社会却是一台令人惊奇的同化人的机器。它具备流行文化的民主式统一的服装和言谈，随意以及缺乏差异的特征。消费文化始于19世纪的百货商店，这些商店在幽雅的环境中供应大量商品，人们对这种文化非常沉迷。与那些迎合知识精英的关系亲密型商店不同，这些百货商店是任何阶级和背景的人都可以进入的。这使得购物变成了一种公共和民主的行为。而大众传媒、广告和运动行业则是促进同化的其它几个因素。 移民正在迅速地适应大众文化，虽然这种文化也许不够高尚，但是它却几乎是无害的。格瑞罗德里格兹在为《国家移民论坛》撰稿时报道说，如今的移民既未达到前所未有的水平，而且也不抵制同化。1998年，移民占总人口的9.8%，1900年占13.6%。在1990年前的10年内，每1,000个居民中增加了3.1个移民;而在1890年前的10年中，每1,000个居民中增加了9.2个移民。现在，考虑一下同化的三个指数语言，房产所有权和异族通婚。 1990年的人口普查表明，来自于最大的15个移民输出国的移民中的大多数人在居住十年后英语讲得很好或非常好。移民的孩子往往能够说两种语言并且精通英语。到了第三代，原先的语言在大部分的移民家庭中丧失，因此美国也被描述成语言的坟墓。到1996年为止，1970年之前到达的外国移民拥有房产的比例达到75.6%，高于本土美国人的比例。 亚裔和西班牙裔移民的异族通婚率比美国本土黑人和白人的比例要高。到了第三代，三分之一的西班牙裔妇女嫁给了非西班牙裔人士，41%的亚裔妇女嫁给了非亚裔人。 罗德里格兹指出，全世界偏远乡村的儿童都是阿诺德施瓦辛格和葛斯布鲁克斯这样偶像的崇拜者，然而居然一些美国人害怕居住在美国境内的移民在某种程度上对这个国家同化作用是免疫的。 在美国存在有意见分歧的问题以及隐藏的怒火吗?确实如此。美国大到可以和任何事情都沾点边儿。但是，与美国动荡的过去相比，如今的社会各项指标几乎都表明不会出现社会环境黑暗和恶化。</p>
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