考研英语真题阅读理解试题及解析(二十三)
<p> <span word="Everybody">Everybody</span> <span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="afat">afat</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="rise">rise</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="vanish">vanish</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="colleaguehas">colleaguehas</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reputation">reputation</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="slacking">slacking</span>, <span word="youmight">youmight</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="outraged">outraged</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="toohuman">toohuman</span>， <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="underlying">underlying</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="becapable">becapable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="finely">finely</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="grievance">grievance</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="SarahBrosnan">SarahBrosnan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Frans">Frans</span> <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Waal">Waal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Emory">Emory</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Atlanta">Atlanta</span>, <span word="Georgia">Georgia</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="hasjust">hasjust</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Nature">Nature</span>, <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="brown">brown</span> <span word="capuchinmonkeys">capuchinmonkeys</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="cute">cute</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="natured">natured</span>, <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="cooperative">cooperative</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span>, <span word="andthey">andthey</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="readily">readily</span>. <span word="Above">Above</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span>,<span word="they">they</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="andservices">andservices</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="males">males</span>。 <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span> <span word="candidates">candidates</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Brosnans">Brosnans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="deWaals">deWaals</span> <span word="study">study</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="toexchange">toexchange</span> <span word="tokens">tokens</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="food">food</span>. <span word="Normally">Normally</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exchangepieces">exchangepieces</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rock">rock</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="slices">slices</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cucumber">cucumber</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="inseparate">inseparate</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="adjoining">adjoining</span> <span word="chambers">chambers</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="wasgetting">wasgetting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="rock">rock</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="markedly">markedly</span> <span word="different">different</span>。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="capuchins">capuchins</span>, <span word="grapes">grapes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="luxury">luxury</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> . <span word="So">So</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="handed">handed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grape">grape</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="forher">forher</span> <span word="token">token</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="reluctant">reluctant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="hers">hers</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mere">mere</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cucumber">cucumber</span>.<span word="And">And</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grape">grape</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="token">token</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="atall">atall</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="tossed">tossed</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="token">token</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thechamber">thechamber</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="refused">refused</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slice">slice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cucumber">cucumber</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mere">mere</span> <span word="presenceof">presenceof</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grape">grape</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="chamber">chamber</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="enoughto">enoughto</span> <span word="induce">induce</span> <span word="resentment">resentment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="capuchin">capuchin</span>。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="capuchin">capuchin</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="areguided">areguided</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wild">wild</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operative">operative</span>, <span word="group">group</span>-<span word="livingspecies">livingspecies</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="stable">stable</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="feelsit">feelsit</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="cheated">cheated</span>. <span word="Feelings">Feelings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="righteous">righteous</span> <span word="indignation">indignation</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="notthe">notthe</span> <span word="preserve">preserve</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>. <span word="Refusing">Refusing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lesser">lesser</span> <span word="reward">reward</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="thesefeelings">thesefeelings</span> <span word="abundantly">abundantly</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="sucha">sucha</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="independently">independently</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="capuchins">capuchins</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="whetherit">whetherit</span> <span word="stems">stems</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="ancestor">ancestor</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="had">had</span> 35 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>,<span word="is">is</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unanswered">unanswered</span> <span word="question">question</span>。 21. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opening">opening</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="introduces">introduces</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="by">by</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="posing">posing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="justifying">justifying</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="explaining">explaining</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span>。 22. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="statement">statement</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span> <span word="implies">implies</span> <span word="that">that</span> [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="outraged">outraged</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="slack">slack</span> <span word="rivals">rivals</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="resenting">resenting</span> <span word="unfairness">unfairness</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="monkeys">monkeys</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="jealous">jealous</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="no">no</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span>。 23. <span word="Female">Female</span> <span word="capuchin">capuchin</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="mostprobably">mostprobably</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="more">more</span> <span word="inclined">inclined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weigh">weigh</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="get">get</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="attentive">attentive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="instructions">instructions</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="temperament">temperament</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="more">more</span> <span word="generous">generous</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="companions">companions</span>。 24. <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Brosnan">Brosnan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Waal">Waal</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="theirstudy">theirstudy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="grapes">grapes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cucumbers">cucumbers</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="things">things</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operative">operative</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="cheated">cheated</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="are">are</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="separated">separated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="others">others</span>。 25. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>? [<span word="A">A</span>]<span word="Monkeys">Monkeys</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span>。 [<span word="B">B</span>]<span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="indignation">indignation</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="uncertain">uncertain</span> <span word="source">source</span>。 [<span word="C">C</span>]<span word="Animals">Animals</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="feelings">feelings</span> <span word="openly">openly</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="do">do</span>。 [<span word="D">D</span>]<span word="Cooperation">Cooperation</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="stable">stable</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wild">wild</span>。 名师解析 21. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opening">opening</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="introduces">introduces</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="by">by</span> 第一段，作者引入主题是通过 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="posing">posing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>. 提出一个对照。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="justifying">justifying</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span>. 证明假定是正确的。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span>. 作出一个比较。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="explaining">explaining</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> 解释一个现象。 【答案】 <span word="C">C</span> 【考点】 写作手法题。 【分析】 从题目入手可以节约时间，增强阅读目的性，有的放矢。第一题的题目告诉我们需要先确定主题。如前所述，一段文章的主题同样可能就隐藏在一句关键的话中。从文章第一段讲人会因为不公平而愤怒，推导动物会不会呢?有人认为不会，但是科学研究表明猴子同样会。这就是关键句，这就是作者要讨论的主题。[<span word="A">A</span>]选项表示对比，相反或不同，可是文章说的是猴与人类似，所以不选。[<span word="B">B</span>]选项原文提出的假定原本是人与猴不一样，所以这个答案不对。[<span word="D">D</span>]选项解释现象，这个说法不能够将开头和主题的内在联系结合起来。 22. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="statementit">statementit</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span> <span word="implies">implies</span> <span word="that">that</span> 太猴子化这一说法的言下之意是 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="outraged">outraged</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="slack">slack</span> <span word="rivals">rivals</span>。 猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="resenting">resenting</span> <span word="unfairness">unfairness</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>。 痛恨不公平也是猴子的本性。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span>, <span word="like">like</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="jealous">jealous</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>。 猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="no">no</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span>。 除了猴子以外，没有动物能够产生出这样的感情。 【答案】 <span word="B">B</span> 【考点】 推断题。 【分析】 由于题目表面看上去是问一个词组的意思，所以很多人纠缠在字面意义上。实际上，考生只有先理解<span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="human">human</span>然后才能够理解<span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span>。[<span word="A">A</span>]选项谈到猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。文章中开篇的时候只是说人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，所以不选。[<span word="C">C</span>]选项说猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。这个选项是最大的干扰项。在对文章经过仔细的阅读后，考生可以发现，作者的主题就是要告诉大家对不公平的痛恨猴子也会。这个选项在程度上超过了我们的需要。[<span word="D">D</span>]除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情。这个说法如果断章取义也有可能会被错选，但是只有结合上文的逻辑顺序就能够去除这个干扰项。 23. <span word="Female">Female</span> <span word="capuchin">capuchin</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="mostprobably">mostprobably</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> 母卷尾猴最有可能被选为研究对象的原因是它们 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="more">more</span> <span word="inclined">inclined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="weigh">weigh</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="get">get</span>. 更加倾向于权衡它们之所得。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="attentive">attentive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="instructions">instructions</span>. 关注研究人员的指导。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="temperament">temperament</span>. 有好的外表和脾气。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="more">more</span> <span word="generous">generous</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="companions">companions</span>. 比公猴更加慷慨。 【答案】 <span word="A">A</span> 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 第三段第一句<span word="Suchcharacteristics">Suchcharacteristics</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span> <span word="candidates">candidates</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Brosnans">Brosnans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="dewaals">dewaals</span> <span word="study">study</span>。正好回答了这个问题。考生应该立即意识到<span word="such">such</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span>指的是第二段中<span word="They">They</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="cute">cute</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="good">good</span>-<span word="natured">natured</span>，<span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operativecreatures">operativecreatures</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="readily">readily</span>. <span word="Aboveall">Aboveall</span>， <span word="like">like</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="closerattention">closerattention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="servicesthan">servicesthan</span> <span word="males">males</span>。如果考生对最后一句话仔细研究一下，就会发现这句话中的密切关注它们获得的东西其实就是权衡它们获得的东西的意思。而且这是首要的，有<span word="above">above</span> <span word="all">all</span>为证明。这里有一个阅读技巧，即注意<span word="such">such</span>一词。当<span word="such">such</span>出现在某段某句中作定语时，表示的意思是如此的，这样的。请考生务必到前文去寻找该词的实际指代内容。切记![<span word="B">B</span>]这个意思也不错，因为文中有<span word="cooperative">cooperative</span>，可惜这不是最重要的。[<span word="C">C</span>]文中也提到了，但是仍然不是最重要的。[<span word="D">D</span>]选项是出题人自己编的。 24. <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Brosnan">Brosnan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Waal">Waal</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="theirstudy">theirstudy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Brosnan">Brosnan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="de">de</span> <span word="Waal">Waal</span>最终在他们的研究中发现猴子 [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="grapes">grapes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cucumbers">cucumbers</span>. 喜欢葡萄胜过黄瓜。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="taught">taught</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="things">things</span>. 可以被训练来交换东西。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="operative">operative</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="cheated">cheated</span>. 如果感觉被欺骗，就不会合作。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="are">are</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="separated">separated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="others">others</span>. 与其他猴子分离时不开心。 【答案】 <span word="C">C</span> 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 最后一段第二句<span word="Suchco">Suchco</span>-<span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="stable">stable</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="beingcheated">beingcheated</span>。[<span word="A">A</span>]、[<span word="B">B</span>]两项是事实，但不是结论。[<span word="D">D</span>]选项是明显是错误的。 25. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>? 从最后一段我们可以得出什么结论? [<span word="A">A</span>] <span word="Monkeys">Monkeys</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span>。 通过训练，猴子可以培养出社会情感。 [<span word="B">B</span>] <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="indignation">indignation</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="uncertain">uncertain</span> <span word="source">source</span>。 人类的义愤起源不确定。 [<span word="C">C</span>] <span word="Animals">Animals</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="feelings">feelings</span> <span word="openly">openly</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="do">do</span>。 动物通常象人那样公开表达自己的情感。 [<span word="D">D</span>] <span word="Cooperation">Cooperation</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="stable">stable</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wild">wild</span>。 只有在野外时猴子间的合作才保持稳定。 【答案】 <span word="B">B</span> 【考点】 推断题。 【分析】 [<span word="A">A</span>]选项中把<span word="guide">guide</span>的概念偷换成<span word="train">train</span>，意思就不一样了。前者表示引导，后者表示训练。所以不选。[<span word="C">C</span>]这个说法超出了正确度很多，因为文中<span word="Feelings">Feelings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="righteous">righteous</span> <span word="indignation">indignation</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="preserve">preserve</span> <span word="ofpeople">ofpeople</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>。只表示义愤非人类专有。[<span word="D">D</span>]选项也对原文意思产生了曲解。不是只有在野生状态下猴子的合作才稳定。而是只有在猴子没有被骗的时候它们才有可能稳定。[<span word="B">B</span>]选项在原文中可以找到类似的说法。<span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="independently">independently</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="capuchinsand">capuchinsand</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="stems">stems</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="ancestor">ancestor</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="had">had</span>35 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="yet">yet</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="unanswered">unanswered</span> <span word="question">question</span>。与[<span word="B">B</span>]意思一样。 难句解析： 1. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="asall">asall</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="human">human</span>， <span word="with">with</span> <span word="theunderlying">theunderlying</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="finelydeveloped">finelydeveloped</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="grievance">grievance</span>。 【结构分析】在这句话里面，<span word="such">such</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>是句子主语，<span word="with">with</span>引导一个状语，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="underlying">underlying</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span>做<span word="with">with</span>的宾语，所谓介宾就是这个道理。<span word="that">that</span>引导一个同位语从句。<span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="human">human</span>比较难以理解，<span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span>的意思就是实在太，很而<span word="human">human</span>是理解的难点，根据上下文可以看出，作者的意思就是这种行为实在是具有太多人类的特征了，言下之意就是动物太低级了，还没有能够进化出这么精致的机制。后面出现的<span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span>同样就是说这也实在是太具有猴子的特征了。 2. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="adjoiningchambers">adjoiningchambers</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="return">return</span> <span word="forits">forits</span> <span word="rock">rock</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="markedly">markedly</span> <span word="different">different</span>。 【结构分析】本句的主干是<span word="their">their</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="markedly">markedly</span> <span word="different">different</span>，前面是<span word="when">when</span>引导的一个时间状语从句;而这个时间状语从句中又包含着一个<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span>引导的目的状语从句，而目的状语从句中又包含着一个<span word="what">what</span>引导的宾语从句。这样的句子体现了英文的句子特征，即句子是按照一定的逻辑，顺着作者的思路一直写下去。 全文翻译： 所有人都喜欢工资猛涨。但是如果你得知你的同事工资涨得比你的还多，你的高兴就会烟消云散了。事实上，这个同事如果还有偷懒的名声，那么你甚至有可能会勃然大怒。这种行为被认为是太人化，其言下之意就是动物是不可能产生这种微妙的怨恨的。但是美国佐治亚州亚特兰大市埃默里大学的莎拉布鲁斯南和弗兰斯德瓦尔最近在《自然》上发表了一项研究，这项研究认为猴子也有类似的太猴子化的行为。 研究人员研究的是棕色母卷尾猴的行为。它们看起来很可爱，很友好而且愿意合作，慢悠悠地分享食品。最重要的是，与公猴相比较，它们像人类女性一样，更倾向于关注商品和服务的价值。 这样的特性使它们成为布鲁斯南博士和德瓦尔理想的研究对象。研究人员花了两年的时间教他们的猴子把代币换成食品。通常，猴子会高兴地把岩石碎片换成黄瓜薄片。但是，当两只猴子被放在单独但是相邻的房间里，互相能够看见对方用石块换取什么的时候，它们的行为就大不一样了。 在卷尾猴看来，葡萄是奢侈品，比黄瓜更受欢迎。因此，当一只猴子用石块换了一颗葡萄，另外一只就不愿意用它的石块去换一片黄瓜。而且，如果有一只猴子不交石块就得到了葡萄，那么，另一只猴子就会将石块抛向研究人员或抛出笼子，或者拒绝接受黄瓜。的确，只要另一只笼子里面有一颗葡萄，就足以引起一只母卷尾猴的怨恨。 研究表明，卷尾猴象人类一样，受着社会情感的支配。在野外，它们是一个相互合作的群居物种。这种合作只有在每一只猴子都感觉它没有被欺骗的情况下才可能保持稳定。感到合理的愤怒似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪清楚地传达给这个群体的其他成员。然而，到底这样的公平意识是人类和卷尾猴各自形成的，还是因为二者在3,500万年前有一个共同的祖先造成的，目前还没有答案。 </p>
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