2014考研浅析英语阅读之同义替换
<p> <span word="Text">Text</span>1 是一篇讲述如何在对话中有效使用幽默的文章 1. ：<span word="To">To</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="humor">humor</span> <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="should">should</span> ________. 答案<span word="C">C</span>：<span word="address">address</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="people">people</span> 定位原文：<span word="Depending">Depending</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="addressing">addressing</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="bedifferent">bedifferent</span>. 答题要点：既然是细节题,并且出现在第一道,那么应该正确答案理应出现在文章前面段落,并且很可能就是第一段.正确选项和原文之间并非出现词汇的同义替换, 而是换了句型. 2：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="joke">joke</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="implies">implies</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nurses">nurses</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span>________. 正确答案<span word="B">B</span>：<span word="very">very</span> <span word="conscious">conscious</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="godlike">godlike</span> <span word="role">role</span> 原文复现： <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span>? <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="arrival">arrival</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="St">St</span>. <span word="Peter">Peter</span>. <span word="Oh">Oh</span>,<span word="that">that</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="God">God</span>, <span word="came">came</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="thinks">thinks</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="adoctor">adoctor</span>. 答题要点：这个题目难度较大, 但是解本题的时候, 除了找到此同义替换局外, 还有一点是关键的, 那就是这个例子出现的背景, 那就是护士对医生有着一致的看法和观点, 并且绝对不是一种好的评价, 所以才会拿来开玩笑. 所以再结合原文, 应该推断, <span word="B">B</span>为正确选项.说明医生很在乎自己上帝般的角色<span word="God">God</span>再次出现。 3： <span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="services">services</span> ________. 正确答案<span word="D">D</span>：<span word="have">have</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laughing">laughing</span> <span word="stock">stock</span> 原文定位：<span word="You">You</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="safer">safer</span> <span word="ground">ground</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="stick">stick</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="scapegoats">scapegoats</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="PostOffice">PostOffice</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="system">system</span>. 答题要点：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Post">Post</span> <span word="Office">Office</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="telephone">telephone</span> <span word="system">system</span>与<span word="publicservices">publicservices</span>属于上下义的关系，因此一定程度上属于同义替换, 并且<span word="laughing">laughing</span> <span word="stock">stock</span>与<span word="scapegoats">scapegoats</span>如果仔细看这段文字的话, 也会发现, 其实就是同义的表达而已. 4：<span word="To">To</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desired">desired</span> <span word="result">result</span>, <span word="humorous">humorous</span> <span word="stories">stories</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="delivered">delivered</span>________. 答案<span word="D">D</span>：<span word="as">as</span> <span word="casually">casually</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> 原文定位：<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="awkward">awkward</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="humorous">humorous</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="itbecomes">itbecomes</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="natural">natural</span>. <span word="Include">Include</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="casual">casual</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="apparently">apparently</span> <span word="off">off</span>-<span word="the">the</span>-<span word="cuff">cuff</span> <span word="remarkswhich">remarkswhich</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="deliver">deliver</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relaxed">relaxed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unforced">unforced</span> <span word="manner">manner</span>. 答题要点：先定位, 然后再来分析发现原文中<span word="nature">nature</span>, <span word="casual">casual</span>, <span word="off">off</span>-<span word="the">the</span>-<span word="cuff">cuff</span>，<span word="relaxed">relaxed</span>, <span word="unforced">unforced</span>全都是答案中<span word="casually">casually</span>的同义词, 如此之多, 完全可以判定正确选项<span word="D">D</span> <span word="Text">Text</span> 2 1: <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="ingenuity">ingenuity</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="initially">initially</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="in">in</span> ________. 正确答案<span word="C">C</span>：<span word="the">the</span> <span word="invention">invention</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tools">tools</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="work">work</span> 原文定位：<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dawn">dawn</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="ingenuity">ingenuity</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="devised">devised</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="morecunning">morecunning</span> <span word="tools">tools</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cope">cope</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>, <span word="boring">boring</span>, <span word="burdensome">burdensome</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="justplain">justplain</span> <span word="nasty">nasty</span>. 解题要点：本题的难度较小, 很容易辨析, 在原文与选项的对比之后发现<span word="tools">tools</span> 再次出现，<span word="difficult">difficult</span>, <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>是<span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>, <span word="boring">boring</span>, <span word="burdensome">burdensome</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="plain">plain</span> <span word="nasty">nasty</span>的同义替换, 也就是换个方式把原文的意思重新表达一次, 很明显为正确选项. 2: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="gizmos">gizmos</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="probablymeans">probablymeans</span> ________. 正确答案<span word="C">C</span>：<span word="devices">devices</span> 原文定位：<span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="populated">populated</span> <span word="byintelligent">byintelligent</span> <span word="gizmos">gizmos</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="presence">presence</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="barely">barely</span> <span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="universalexistence">universalexistence</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="removed">removed</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>. 解题要点：从题型来看, 这属于典型的词汇题, 而词汇题的做题关键则是在原文的上下文中找出相应的近义词, 同义词和反义词之类, 也可以使同义表达.从后面定语从句来看，重点是<span word="remove">remove</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>. 再从后面的几个例子中，<span word="factory">factory</span>, <span word="banking">banking</span>, <span word="subway">subway</span> <span word="train">train</span>几个东西都是工具，得出答案。 3：题：<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="designa">designa</span> <span word="robot">robot</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> __ 正确答案<span word="D">D</span>：<span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="independently">independently</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="world">world</span> 原文定位： <span word="While">While</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="robot">robot</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="handle">handle</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="error">error</span>, <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Dave">Dave</span> <span word="Lavery">Lavery</span>, <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="robotics">robotics</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="NASA">NASA</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="yetgive">yetgive</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="robot">robot</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reliably">reliably</span> <span word="interact">interact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dynamicworld">dynamicworld</span>. 答题要点：<span word="reliably">reliably</span> <span word="interact">interact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dynamic">dynamic</span> <span word="world">world</span>是文章中的<span word="respondindependently">respondindependently</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="world">world</span>同义转化，并且题目中也有类似的同义替换, 如<span word="beyond">beyond</span> <span word="mans">mans</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> 等同于原文中的 <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="give">give</span> 4：<span word="Besides">Besides</span> <span word="reducing">reducing</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>, <span word="robots">robots</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span> ________. 正确答案<span word="B">B</span>：<span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="errors">errors</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="intervention">intervention</span> 原文定位：<span word="But">But</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="robots">robots</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="laborsaving">laborsaving</span> <span word="utility">utility</span>,<span word="they">they</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="operate">operate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="supervision">supervision</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="atleast">atleast</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span><span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="pose">pose</span> <span word="areal">areal</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span>.<span word="while">while</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="robot">robot</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="handle">handle</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="error">error</span> 答题要点：同义替换, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="intervention">intervention</span>替换了文中<span word="with">with</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="humansupervision">humansupervision</span>. 比其他一些题目更难的地方在于, 这句话无论是原文还是正确选项都有个前提, 所以必须考虑进来, 如果不考虑前提, 很有可能出现断章取义, 导致错选了<span word="A">A</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>. </p>
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