2014年考研英语的翻译模拟试题(二)
<p> 二、科学与技术</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="meanings">meanings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="scienceand">scienceand</span> <span word="technologyhave">technologyhave</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="More">More</span> <span word="similarities">similarities</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="differences">differences</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="terms">terms</span>, <span word="Both">Both</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="imply">imply</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="process">process</span>, <span word="both">both</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="causal">causal</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="employ">employ</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="experimental">experimental</span> <span word="methodology">methodology</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="empirical">empirical</span> <span word="demonstrations">demonstrations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="verified">verified</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="repetition">repetition</span>. <span word="Science">Science</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="practicality">practicality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="laws">laws</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="inextricably">inextricably</span> <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="varying">varying</span> <span word="interplay">interplay</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="practitioners">practitioners</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="chemists">chemists</span>, <span word="engineers">engineers</span>, <span word="physicists">physicists</span>, <span word="astronomers">astronomers</span>, <span word="carpenters">carpenters</span>, <span word="potters">potters</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="specialists">specialists</span>. <span word="Differing">Differing</span> <span word="educational">educational</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span>, <span word="social">social</span> <span word="status">status</span>, <span word="vocabulary">vocabulary</span>, <span word="methodology">methodology</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rewards">rewards</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="institutional">institutional</span> <span word="objectives">objectives</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="goals">goals</span>, <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="distinctions">distinctions</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="activities">activities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technologists">technologists</span>; <span word="but">but</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="practitioners">practitioners</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="purescience">purescience</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="theoretical">theoretical</span> <span word="contributions">contributions</span>.</p><p> <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="technological">technological</span> <span word="innovations">innovations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="pure">pure</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="advancement">advancement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="civilization">civilization</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="essentially">essentially</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="myth">myth</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="civilization">civilization</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="traced">traced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span>. <span word="Fundamental">Fundamental</span> <span word="tools">tools</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mechanics">mechanics</span>, <span word="chemistry">chemistry</span>, <span word="astronomy">astronomy</span>, <span word="metallurgy">metallurgy</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hydraulics">hydraulics</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laws">laws</span> <span word="governing">governing</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="functions">functions</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="steam">steam</span> <span word="engine">engine</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="commonplace">commonplace</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thermodynamics">thermodynamics</span> <span word="elucidated">elucidated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="underlying">underlying</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="operations">operations</span>.</p>
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