2014考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(19)
<p> <span word="SAMPLE">SAMPLE</span> 19</p><p> [医学类]</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="complications">complications</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="accompanying">accompanying</span> <span word="diabetes">diabetes</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="impairment">impairment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="kidney">kidney</span> <span word="function">function</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="continuous">continuous</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="glucose">glucose</span> <span word="concentrations">concentrations</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="pancreas">pancreas</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="glucose">glucose</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span>, <span word="releases">releases</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="quantities">quantities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="insulin">insulin</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thereby">thereby</span> <span word="maintains">maintains</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="physiological">physiological</span> <span word="limits">limits</span> . <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="diabetic">diabetic</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="receives">receives</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="dose">dose</span> <span word="daily">daily</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="diabetics">diabetics</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="glucose">glucose</span> <span word="concentration">concentration</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="fluctuate">fluctuate</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interval">interval</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="doses">doses</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="complication">complication</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="periods">periods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="concentrations">concentrations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="glucose">glucose</span> . <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="investigators">investigators</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="restoration">restoration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="normoglycemia">normoglycemia</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="halt">halt</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="progression">progression</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="complications">complications</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="reverse">reverse</span> <span word="them">them</span>.</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="investigated">investigated</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="restoration">restoration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="normoglycemia">normoglycemia</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span>: <span word="transplantation">transplantation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>, <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="pancreases">pancreases</span>; <span word="transplantation">transplantation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="islets">islets</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Langerthan">Langerthan</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="portion">portion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pancreas">pancreas</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="secretes">secretes</span> <span word="insulin">insulin</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="implantation">implantation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="artificial">artificial</span> <span word="pancreases">pancreases</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="has">has</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="seems">seems</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span>, <span word="promising">promising</span>. <span word="Nonetheless">Nonetheless</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="undoubtedly">undoubtedly</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="accepted">accepted</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="diabetes">diabetes</span>.</p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="obvious">obvious</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="pancreases">pancreases</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="cadavers">cadavers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="manner">manner</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="routinely">routinely</span> <span word="transplanted">transplanted</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rationale">rationale</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1966 <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="recorded">recorded</span> <span word="pancreas">pancreas</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="performed">performed</span>. <span word="Between">Between</span> 1960 <span word="and">and</span> 1975, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="pancreas">pancreas</span> <span word="transplants">transplants</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="forty">forty</span>-<span word="five">five</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="alive">alive</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="functioning">functioning</span> <span word="graft">graft</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="surgeons">surgeons</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="procedure">procedure</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>.</p>
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