2014年考研经济学人中英文对照思维机器出故障了吗
<p> <span word="Thegrowth">Thegrowth</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="seemto">seemto</span> <span word="contradict">contradict</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="inventive">inventive</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="theAmerican">theAmerican</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="R">R</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="expanded">expanded</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1975, <span word="toalmost">toalmost</span> 3%. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="Pierre">Pierre</span> <span word="Azoulay">Azoulay</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="MIT">MIT</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Benjamin">Benjamin</span> <span word="Jones">Jones</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="NorthwesternUniversity">NorthwesternUniversity</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="research">research</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="doingless">doingless</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="reckon">reckon</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1950 <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="R">R</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Americacontributed">Americacontributed</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="productivityessentially">productivityessentially</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="growththat">growththat</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="R">R</span> <span word="D">D</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2000 <span word="did">did</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="factor">factor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="burden">burden</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>: <span word="as">as</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="accumulate">accumulate</span> <span word="ittakes">ittakes</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="thinkers">thinkers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="frontier">frontier</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="theirscientific">theirscientific</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="speciality">speciality</span>. <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Jones">Jones</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="from">from</span> 1985 <span word="to">to</span> 1997<span word="alone">alone</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="typical">typical</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="innovation">innovation</span> <span word="rose">rose</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p> 从事研究开发工作的人数的增长似乎同这种缺少发明经济的图景互相矛盾：美国经济拨付给研究开发的份额自1975年以来增长了1/3，接近3%。但是，麻省理工学院的皮埃尔阿祖莱和西北大学的本杰明琼斯发现，尽管从事研究的人数增加了，但是他们的工作成就不如以前。他们推测，在1950年时，美国人均研发人员对全要素生产率从根本上来说，就是技术与创新对增长的贡献做出的贡献几乎是2000年时的的7倍。这其中的一个因素可能是知识的负担：随着知识的累计，后人需要更长的时间才能追赶上他们科研专业领域的前沿。琼斯认为，仅在1985年-1997年间，有代表性的首次发明年龄提高了将近一岁。</p>
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