2014考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(25)
<p> <span word="SAMPLE">SAMPLE</span> 25</p><p> [动物学类]</p><p> <span word="Investigators">Investigators</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="struck">struck</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="consequent">consequent</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>. <span word="Studies">Studies</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="describing">describing</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="elicit">elicit</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="mechanisms">mechanisms</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="investigations">investigations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>.</p><p> <span word="Investigators">Investigators</span> <span word="initially">initially</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="compete">compete</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="resource">resource</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>: <span word="hungry">hungry</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="thirsty">thirsty</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="fight">fight</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="water">water</span>, <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="monkey">monkey</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="sought">sought</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="incentive">incentive</span> <span word="simultaneously">simultaneously</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="resolved">resolved</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="motivating">motivating</span> <span word="force">force</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="incentives">incentives</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="doubted">doubted</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Southwicks">Southwicks</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reduction">reduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="withholding">withholding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="temporary">temporary</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="intragroup">intragroup</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="food">food</span> <span word="deprivation">deprivation</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="resulted">resulted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="frequencies">frequencies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span>.</p><p> <span word="Studies">Studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wild">wild</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="deprivation">deprivation</span> <span word="likewise">likewise</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="starving">starving</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="devoted">devoted</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="foraging">foraging</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="remaining">remaining</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="interaction">interaction</span>. <span word="Furthermore">Furthermore</span>, <span word="accumulating">accumulating</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="primate">primate</span> <span word="groups">groups</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Bernstein">Bernstein</span>, <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="potent">potent</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="eliciting">eliciting</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="introduction">introduction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="intruder">intruder</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="organized">organized</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="introductions">introductions</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span> <span word="contrived">contrived</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="competition">competition</span>.</p>
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