2014考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(5)
<p> <span word="SAMPLE">SAMPLE</span> 5</p><p> [管理学类]</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="clarifying">clarifying</span> <span word="goals">goals</span>, <span word="assessing">assessing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>, <span word="formulating">formulating</span> <span word="options">options</span>, <span word="estimating">estimating</span> <span word="likelihoods">likelihoods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="success">success</span>, <span word="making">making</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="implement">implement</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>. <span word="Rather">Rather</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="day">day</span>-<span word="by">by</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="tactical">tactical</span> <span word="maneuvers">maneuvers</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="executives">executives</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="vaguely">vaguely</span> <span word="termed">termed</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="manage">manage</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="network">network</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interrelated">interrelated</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="ambiguity">ambiguity</span>, <span word="inconsistency">inconsistency</span>, <span word="novelty">novelty</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="surprise">surprise</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="integrate">integrate</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span>.</p><p> <span word="Generations">Generations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="writers">writers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="recognized">recognized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="practicing">practicing</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="heavily">heavily</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="general">general</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="writers">writers</span> <span word="display">display</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="grasp">grasp</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="is">is</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rationality">rationality</span>; <span word="others">others</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="excuse">excuse</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="capriciousness">capriciousness</span>.</p><p> <span word="Isenbergs">Isenbergs</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="reveals">reveals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span>. <span word="Rather">Rather</span>, <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>. <span word="First">First</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="intuitively">intuitively</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="exists">exists</span>. <span word="Second">Second</span>, <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="arbitrary">arbitrary</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="irrational">irrational</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="painstaking">painstaking</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hands">hands</span>-<span word="on">on</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="build">build</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="synthesize">synthesize</span> <span word="isolated">isolated</span> <span word="bits">bits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="integrated">integrated</span> <span word="picture">picture</span>, <span word="often">often</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="Aha">Aha</span>! <span word="experience">experience</span>. <span word="Fourth">Fourth</span>, <span word="some">some</span> <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="check">check</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="executives">executives</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tools">tools</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="systematic">systematic</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="reaching">reaching</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="occasionally">occasionally</span> <span word="leery">leery</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="solutions">solutions</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="counter">counter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="correct">correct</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="action">action</span>. <span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="managers">managers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bypass">bypass</span> <span word="in">in</span>-<span word="depth">depth</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="engender">engender</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plausible">plausible</span> <span word="solution">solution</span>. <span word="Used">Used</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="intuition">intuition</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="instantaneous">instantaneous</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="recognizes">recognizes</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span>.</p>
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