2014考研英语阅读理解之词义题破解
<p> 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。</p><p> 综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。</p><p> 所以考生应重点避免以下两种情况：第一，考生往往会随便猜一个选项，错误率很高。第二种情况下，考生往往落入命题专家的陷阱，不知不觉地失了分，原因是考生并没有掌握阅读词汇题的基本命题原则。在阅读部分的词汇题要考的并不是考生认不认识题中所考的单词，否则便是命题失效。此处要考的是考生阅读中的推断能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义必定能根据上下文推断出来。所以考生在遇到阅读中的词汇题时，一定要冷静，去上下文中细找，推断出词义后，可将词义代入原文看是否通畅。</p><p> 例如2003年第54题：</p><p> <span word="Railroadsjustify">Railroadsjustify</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="captive">captive</span> <span word="shippers">shippers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grounds">grounds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thelong">thelong</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="reduces">reduces</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="cost">cost</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="railroads">railroads</span> <span word="charged">charged</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> <span word="thesame">thesame</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="argue">argue</span>, <span word="shippers">shippers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="option">option</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="switching">switching</span> <span word="totrucks">totrucks</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="transportation">transportation</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="remainingcustomers">remainingcustomers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shoulder">shoulder</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="line">line</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whichmany">whichmany</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="subscribe">subscribe</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="railroads">railroads</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="theposition">theposition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="determining">determining</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="flourish">flourish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="fail">fail</span>. <span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="railroads">railroads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arbiters">arbiters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wins">wins</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="losesin">losesin</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marketplace">marketplace</span>? <span word="asks">asks</span> <span word="Martin">Martin</span> <span word="Bercovici">Bercovici</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span> <span word="lawyer">lawyer</span> <span word="whofrequently">whofrequently</span> <span word="represents">represents</span> <span word="shippers">shippers</span>.</p>
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