得背诵的考研阅读真题四
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="enlarging">enlarging</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perfecting">perfecting</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="rival">rival</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="lines">lines</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="firm">firm</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="replaced">replaced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="liability">liability</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bureaucracy">bureaucracy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="salaried">salaried</span> <span word="managers">managers</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="met">met</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="engaging">engaging</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="professional">professional</span> <span word="element">element</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="spoiled">spoiled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fortunes">fortunes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="energetic">energetic</span> <span word="founders">founders</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="moreover">moreover</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="initiative">initiative</span>, <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="collectivism">collectivism</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="municipal">municipal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="state">state</span>-<span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="business">business</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="railway">railway</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="managed">managed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shareholders">shareholders</span>, <span word="were">were</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="unlike">unlike</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="business">business</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="municipalities">municipalities</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="lighting">lighting</span>, <span word="trams">trams</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="taxpayers">taxpayers</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="liability">liability</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="municipal">municipal</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="large">large</span>, <span word="impersonal">impersonal</span> <span word="manipulation">manipulation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="shareholders">shareholders</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="class">class</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="element">element</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="representing">representing</span> <span word="irresponsible">irresponsible</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span> <span word="detached">detached</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="duties">duties</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="landowners">landowners</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="detached">detached</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="business">business</span>. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="Africa">Africa</span>, <span word="India">India</span>, <span word="Australia">Australia</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="shareholders">shareholders</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="enriched">enriched</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worlds">worlds</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="industrialization">industrialization</span>. <span word="Towns">Towns</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</span> <span word="sprang">sprang</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="comfortable">comfortable</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="retired">retired</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="relation">relation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="drawing">drawing</span> <span word="dividends">dividends</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="occasionally">occasionally</span> <span word="attending">attending</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shareholders">shareholders</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="dictate">dictate</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="orders">orders</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="management">management</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="shareholding">shareholding</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="leisure">leisure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="freedom">freedom</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="Victorians">Victorians</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="civilization">civilization</span>.</p>
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