考研英语阅读难句语法分析－被动语态2
<p> 【难句】1. <span word="Questions">Questions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="councils">councils</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="misconduct">misconduct</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grants">grants</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="provide">provide</span>.</p><p> 【结构分析】 本句使用了被动语态的现在进行时结构，主干为<span word="Questions">Questions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="about">about</span> ，施动者<span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="councils">councils</span>构成了分隔结构。在翻译时，我们可以化被动为主动，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="councils">councils</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="increasingly">increasingly</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="about">about</span> ，介词<span word="about">about</span>后的宾语由<span word="how">how</span>引导的从句<span word="how">how</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sure">sure</span> 充当，这里又包含一个特殊的结构 主语+<span word="adj">adj</span>.+从句 ，<span word="that">that</span>引导的名词性从句 <span word="misconduct">misconduct</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grants">grants</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="provide">provide</span>中，<span word="grants">grants</span>后是一个省略了关系代词<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span>的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作<span word="provide">provide</span>的宾语。</p><p> 【参考译文】 各委员会越来越多地提出问题 关于他们如何能够确保在他们同意的情况下避免发生处理不当的行为。</p><p> 【难句】2. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>! <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="terrific">terrific</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="team">team</span>, <span word="than">than</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="brainchild">brainchild</span> <span word="isn">isn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="circular">circular</span> <span word="file">file</span>.</p><p> 【结构分析】 本句成分复杂。以逗号为切入点，得到一个比较结构<span word="It">It</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="easier">easier</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>! <span word="than">than</span> 。<span word="it">it</span>是形式主语，前半部分的真正主语由不定式结构<span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>! 充当，这里包含一个<span word="when">when</span>引导的时间状语从句<span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="terrific">terrific</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="team">team</span>，使用了被动语态的现在完成时。后半部分真正主语为<span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> ，<span word="explain">explain</span>后的宾语是<span word="why">why</span>引导的宾语从句 <span word="why">why</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="favorite">favorite</span> <span word="brainchild">brainchild</span> <span word="isn">isn</span> <span word="t">t</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="circular">circular</span> <span word="file">file</span>。在翻译时，我们将状语提前，且化被动为主动。</p>
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