等价结构反义结构 考研英语阅读文章词义破解
<p> 词汇的理解对考研阅读的意义不言而喻。但个别词不认识并不妨碍理解，有时遇到生词还要学会跳过去。除了其他破解词义的方法外，根据上下文的线索寻找等价或反义结构是一个很有效的方法。所谓等价结构，就是意义相同的结构。而反义结构就是意义相反的结构。对文章中的一个部分不理解时，可以根据这一部分的上下文判断意义。上下文有时和不理解的部分构成同义关系，不理解部分的意义就是上下文的意义。反之，上下文有时和不理解部分构成反义关系，那么，不理解部分的意义就是上下文意义的反面。等价结构包含多种，本文主要介绍并列结构。一般而言，并列结构常表示并列的两部分意义相同。本文讨论的反义结构主要是包含连词如<span word="but">but</span>, <span word="while">while</span>等的结构，它们常表示两部分意义相反。下面以2005年考研阅读的文章为例说明如何根据等价结构或反义结构把握句子意义。</p><p> 一、等价结构</p><p> <span word="Text">Text</span> 1</p><p> <span word="Everybody">Everybody</span> <span word="loves">loves</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="rise">rise</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="vanish">vanish</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="colleague">colleague</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="one">one</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reputation">reputation</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="slacking">slacking</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="outraged">outraged</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="human">human</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="underlying">underlying</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="capable">capable</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="finely">finely</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="grievance">grievance</span>.</p>
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