英语：阅读基本功之难句过关大全－倒装句
<p> 语句子通常有两种语序,一种是自然语序,又称正装语序,另一种便是本章要介绍的倒装语序。</p><p> 从形式上分,倒装有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装,例如：<span word="In">In</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="boy">boy</span>. 只将谓语动词的一部分放在主语之前的称作部分倒装,例如：<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="better">better</span>. 从使用目的区分,倒装也有两种情况,即语法倒装和修辞倒装。语法倒装是由于语法规则的要求而必须进行的倒装,例如：<span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="now">now</span>?修辞倒装是出于修辞的需要而把正常语序转为倒装语序,例如：<span word="Out">Out</span> <span word="rushed">rushed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span>.<span word="HFowler">HFowler</span>归纳倒装的原因有九种,即疑问、命令、惊叹、假设、平衡、衔接、点题、否定和韵律。这并不完全,还应加上强调和为使描写更加生动两种。在英语中,倒装句俯拾即是,用得非常普遍,但汉语却很少用,所以在翻译倒装句时,仍应按原文词序翻译,并照顾汉语的习惯,以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。本章只列举在阅读文章中常遇到的倒装现象,以使考生熟悉英语和汉语在语序上的差异。</p><p> 1. <span word="Jack">Jack</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="poured">poured</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="writings">writings</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="life">life</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fierce">fierce</span> <span word="hatred">hatred</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="him">him</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conviction">conviction</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exploited">exploited</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="management">management</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exploiters">exploiters</span>.</p>
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