怎样处理考研阅读时最令人头疼的长句?
<p> 长句</p><p> 1. 长句：长句是让我们感到很困难的句子，长句的明显特点就是句子比较长，一个句子往往有三、四行，甚至一个句子就是一段。许多应试者在阅读时经常会陷入一个很长的句子中，不知道它到底讲了些什么。长句之所以长，主要有下面几个原因：</p><p> <span word="I">I</span>. 从句多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又有从句。</p><p> 应对方法：首先找到主句的主体部分(即主语、谓语和宾语)，再确定从句的主体部分，如果从句中还有从句，在确定下面一层从句的主、谓、宾。注意阅读时一层一层进行，先把同一层次的内容看完，再看下一层次的内容。</p><p> 例如：98年的第三篇阅读文章中有这样一句话：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="stories">stories</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1996 <span word="reveals">reveals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="antiscience">antiscience</span> <span word="tag">tag</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="advocated">advocated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="elimination">elimination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="remaining">remaining</span> <span word="stocks">stocks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="smallpox">smallpox</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Republicans">Republicans</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="advocated">advocated</span> <span word="decreased">decreased</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="research">research</span>。</p><p> 这句话就是在<span word="that">that</span>引导的宾语从句中，又套入了两个<span word="who">who</span>引导的定语从句。这个句子主句的主体是<span word="a">a</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="reveals">reveals</span> <span word="that">that</span>。从句的结构比较复杂：主语是<span word="the">the</span> <span word="antiscience">antiscience</span> <span word="tag">tag</span>(反科学的标签)，谓语是<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="attached">attached</span> <span word="to">to</span>(被贴到)，宾语是<span word="many">many</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="groups">groups</span>，后面用了一个<span word="from">from</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="whoto">whoto</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="who">who</span>的结构来举例解释这些<span word="groups">groups</span>包括什么人。这句话的意思是1996年进行的一次对新书的调查显示，反科学的标签也被贴在了很多别的人群的身上，包括提倡根除残余的天花病毒的权威机构，以及提倡削减基础科学研究资金的民主党人。</p>
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