阅读技巧：从语篇功能的角度谈英语阅读技巧
<p> [摘 要] 以韩礼德的系统功能语法中的语篇功能为理论依据，具体以其中的两大子系统主位结构和信息结构为切入点，将主位结构和信息结构融入英语阅读理解之中，以便培养英语学习者的语篇意识，使其在阅读时能从整体入手，了解语篇的信息焦点及其信息流程，把握语篇的宏观结构和主题思想，从而提高阅读理解的能力和效率。</p><p> [关键词] 阅读理解;主位结构;信息结构;语篇</p><p> <span word="Abstract">Abstract</span>:<span word="Based">Based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="textual">textual</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Hallidays">Hallidays</span> <span word="functional">functional</span> <span word="grammar">grammar</span>, <span word="specifically">specifically</span> <span word="focusing">focusing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thematic">thematic</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="structure">structure</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="aims">aims</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="applying">applying</span> <span word="thematic">thematic</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="comprehension">comprehension</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>， <span word="English">English</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="learners">learners</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="discourse">discourse</span> <span word="awareness">awareness</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="process">process</span>, <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="grasp">grasp</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="comprehend">comprehend</span> <span word="discourses">discourses</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="macro">macro</span> <span word="level">level</span>; <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>,<span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="comprehension">comprehension</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="efficiently">efficiently</span>.</p><p> <span word="Key">Key</span> <span word="words">words</span>: <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="comprehension">comprehension</span>;<span word="thematic">thematic</span> <span word="structure">structure</span>;<span word="information">information</span> <span word="structure">structure</span>; <span word="discourse">discourse</span></p><p> 一、引言</p><p> 英语阅读是英语学习的必攻之艰。阅读过程是对语言综合运用的过程。作为英语阅读理解的对象语篇，无论长短，都是一个完整的意义单位，有其行文思路、谋篇布局的特征。据有关调查，中国英语学习者对英语篇章的理解往往从词汇和句子的语法结构入手，多半就停留在这个层面。这种以词、句为核心的切入法，在外语学习的初级阶段有其必要性，它有利于学生透彻地理解词义、掌握组词造句的基本规则，帮助学生打下扎实的基本功。然而，单纯地以词、句为单位进行阅读往往割裂了语篇的有机整体，结果只见树木不见森林，缺乏对语篇的宏观把握。其实，正如哈里斯指出的那样：语言并非是杂乱无章的词句，而是一些意义相关的句子为达到一定的交际目的，并通过一定的连接手段而实现的有机结合。在英语阅读训练与教学中，应引导学生从语篇整体入手，分析语篇的宏观结构，了解语篇的信息流程，从而在高于句子的层面上，研究语篇中句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系。主位结构和信息结构，是语篇功能的两大子系统，是促成语篇连贯的有效途径，同时也是分析语篇、提高阅读理解能力的有效方法之一。本文试图探讨主位结构和信息结构对于宏观把握英语语篇的促进作用，以及将其运用于英语阅读理解之中的可行性。</p>
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