英语六级听力练习之职业安全与健康法
<p> <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="dealt">dealt</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workplace">workplace</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1890, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="legislation">legislation</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="standards">standards</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="coal">coal</span> <span word="mines">mines</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> <span word="machinery">machinery</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="chemicals">chemicals</span> <span word="entered">entered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workplace">workplace</span> <span word="yearly">yearly</span>, <span word="posing">posing</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="hazards">hazards</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>.</p><p> 国会第一次处理职业安全与健康的问题是在1890年，当时国会立法通过了煤矿安全标准。在接下来的几十年里，每年都有更复杂的机器和新化学物质进入工作场所，给劳动者带来了新的危害。</p><p> <span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1960<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> 14,000 <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="over">over</span> 2 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="suffering">suffering</span> <span word="disabling">disabling</span> <span word="injuries">injuries</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="work">work</span>-<span word="related">related</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="wrangled">wrangled</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="legislation">legislation</span>.</p><p> 到20世纪60年代后期，据估计每年都有一万四千多名工人因工致死，还有超过两百万工人因工受伤或致残。多年来，工商界和劳动团体就联邦立法的需要一直争论不休。</p><p> <span word="Opinion">Opinion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="deeply">deeply</span> <span word="split">split</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="legislation">legislation</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="take">take</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1970 <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="finally">finally</span> <span word="approved">approved</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Occupational">Occupational</span> <span word="Safety">Safety</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="Act">Act</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="establish">establish</span> <span word="theOccupational">theOccupational</span> <span word="Safety">Safety</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="Agency">Agency</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="OSHA">OSHA</span>. <span word="OSHA">OSHA</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="disliked">disliked</span> <span word="agencies">agencies</span>.</p><p> 国会内部在确定立法形式上发生了严重分歧，但最终于1970年批准通过职业安全与健康条例，并依法成立了职业安全与健康署，即 <span word="OSHA">OSHA</span>。<span word="OSHA">OSHA</span> 很快就成为联邦政府内部最不受欢迎的部门之一。</p>
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