高考写作中的指代不明的问题
<p> 1. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="driving">driving</span>-<span word="test">test</span>.</p><p> </p><p> 句子中的第二个<span word="he">he</span>究竟是指主语还是指<span word="Tom">Tom</span>，模棱两可。我们可以理解为<span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="driving">driving</span>-<span word="test">test</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>. 也可理解为<span word="He">He</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="driving">driving</span>-<span word="test">test</span>.</p><p> </p><p> 2. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="star">star</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span>.</p><p> </p><p> 因为句子中没有涉及第三者，所以很难断定<span word="she">she</span>指代何人。可改为<span word="I">I</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="actress">actress</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="star">star</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span>.</p><p> </p><p> 3. <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Ming">Ming</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="knocked">knocked</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="motorbike">motorbike</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="badly">badly</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span>.</p><p> </p><p> <span word="It">It</span>指代前面出现过的名词, 这是<span word="it">it</span>的基本用法之一。此句中唯一的名词是<span word="motorbike">motorbike</span>在此是泛指，故不能用<span word="it">it</span>. 若改为<span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Ming">Ming</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="knocked">knocked</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="motorbike">motorbike</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="badly">badly</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span>.句子的意思就明了多了。</p><p> </p><p> 为避免此错误发生，写句子时要先分清代词要指代的对象。</p>
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