不定式的构成
<p>不定式的构成</p><p>1. 不定式的构成</p><p>不定式是由不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>+动词原形构成，在某些情况下<span word="to">to</span>也可省略。</p><p>不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以<span word="do">do</span>为例）：</p><p>主动式</p><p>被动式</p><p>一般式</p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span></p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span></p><p>完成式</p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span></p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span></p><p>进行式</p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="doing">doing</span></p><p>/</p><p>完成进行式</p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="doing">doing</span></p><p>/</p><p>1) 不定式的一般式</p><p>不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：</p><p><span word="They">They</span> <span word="invited">invited</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="summer">summer</span>. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="aside">aside</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pass">pass</span>. 他站到一边让我通过。</p><p>2) 不定式的完成式</p><p>不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：</p><p><span word="She">She</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="matter">matter</span>. 她似乎已听说过这件事。</p><p><span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="sorry">sorry</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="long">long</span>. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。</p><p><span word="I">I</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>.</p>
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