高三英语语法和惯用法：同位语从句与定语从句的区别
<p> 一、意义的不同</p><p> 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。如：</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span>. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(<span word="news">news</span>的内容就是<span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span>，故<span word="that">that</span>引导的是同位语从句)</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span>. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(<span word="that">that</span>从句是限制<span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个<span word="news">news</span>而不是其他的<span word="news">news</span>，故<span word="that">that</span>从句为定语从句)</p><p> 二、引导词的不同</p><p> <span word="what">what</span>, <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="whatever">whatever</span> 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。</p><p> 三、引导词的功能上的不同</p><p> <span word="that">that</span>引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span>中的<span word="that">that</span>就充当<span word="told">told</span>的宾语。</p><p> 四、被修饰词语的区别</p><p> 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有<span word="hope">hope</span>, <span word="wish">wish</span>, <span word="idea">idea</span>, <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="promise">promise</span>, <span word="opinion">opinion</span>, <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>, <span word="truth">truth</span>等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，<span word="when">when</span>和<span word="where">where</span> 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如<span word="why">why</span>引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词<span word="the">the</span> <span word="reason">reason</span>，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。如：</p>
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