高三英语语法和惯用法：使用分词逻辑主语的易错点
<p> 分词作状语，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子主语，否则会出错。请看下例。如：</p><p> (1) <span word="Finding">Finding</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span>, ______.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="a">a</span> <span word="policeman">policeman</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="the">the</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="searched">searched</span> <span word="thoroughly">thoroughly</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="everywhere">everywhere</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="she">she</span> <span word="hurried">hurried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="policeman">policeman</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span></p><p> 此题答案应选<span word="D">D</span>，因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语<span word="finding">finding</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> 的逻辑主语应是她，而不是 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="policeman">policeman</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="area">area</span>, <span word="it">it</span> 等。</p><p> 在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动，如：</p><p> (2) _____ <span word="many">many</span> <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="told">told</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="told">told</span></p><p> 根据句意，<span word="he">he</span> 与 <span word="tell">tell</span> 应是被动关系。从时间上看，应该是被告诉在先，没有理解在后，故选<span word="A">A</span>。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词<span word="but">but</span>，情况有所不同。如：</p><p> (3) _____ <span word="many">many</span> <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="it">it</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Having">Having</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Though">Though</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="told">told</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="told">told</span></p><p> 此题答案选<span word="D">D</span>，句中的并列连词 <span word="but">but</span> 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 <span word="but">but</span> 前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选<span word="A">A</span>或<span word="C">C</span>)。</p>
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