高三英语语法和惯用法：什么叫分词的独立主格结构
<p> 在通常情况下，分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，则应改用其他句型，如：</p><p> 误：<span word="Crossing">Crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="knocked">knocked</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="down">down</span>.</p><p> 正：<span word="Crossing">Crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="knocked">knocked</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span>. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。</p><p> 正：<span word="When">When</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="crossing">crossing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="knocked">knocked</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="down">down</span>. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。</p><p> 解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题，也可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式，故称分词的独立主格结构。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="finished">finished</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 工作结束后我们就回家了。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="swimming">swimming</span>. 天气很好，我们就去游泳了。</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="absent">absent</span>, <span word="nothing">nothing</span> <span word="couldnt">couldnt</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="done">done</span>. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。</p><p> 以上各句的<span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span>, <span word="he">he</span> 等不能省略。</p>
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