英语语法名词性从句知识：名词性从句基础
<p> 一、名词性从句的基本概念</p><p> 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。</p><p> (1)主语从句</p><p> 就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用<span word="that">that</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span>, <span word="who">who</span>, <span word="whom">whom</span>, <span word="whose">whose</span>, <span word="what">what</span>, <span word="which">which</span>, <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="where">where</span>, <span word="how">how</span>, <span word="why">why</span>, <span word="whatever">whatever</span>, <span word="whoever">whoever</span>等引导。如：</p><p> <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span>. 他是否来还是问题。</p><p> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="socialist">socialist</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="known">known</span>. 众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。</p><p> 注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用<span word="it">it</span>作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成：</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="socialist">socialist</span> <span word="country">country</span>.</p><p> 但是，由连接代词<span word="what">what</span>, <span word="whatever">whatever</span>, <span word="whoever">whoever</span>等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。如：</p><p> <span word="What">What</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span>. 他的发现使我非常吃惊。</p><p> <span word="Whoever">Whoever</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="rest">rest</span>. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。</p><p> (2)表语从句</p><p> 就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外，还有<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>， <span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。</p>
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