初三版：Be 的四功能
<p><span word="be">be</span>是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法： </p><p> 功能一，系动词<span word="be">be</span></p><p> <span word="be">be</span>为连系动词，中心词义是是，句型为主＋系＋表结构。<span word="be">be</span>的形式常用<span word="am">am</span>, <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="are">are</span>(现在式)；<span word="was">was</span>, <span word="were">were</span>(过去式)；<span word="will">will</span>/<span word="can">can</span>/<span word="may">may</span>/<span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span>(助动词/情态动词＋原形)；<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>/<span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span>(助动词＋过去分词)等。如： </p><p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="helping">helping</span> <span word="people">people</span>.(一般现在时)</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="twins">twins</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.(一般过去时)</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sunny">sunny</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>.(一般将来时)</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>.(现在完成时)</p><p> 功能二，助动词<span word="be">be</span></p><p> 助动词<span word="be">be</span>，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：</p><p> 1. <span word="be">be</span>+<span word="doing">doing</span>：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="copying">copying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="now">now</span>.</p><p> <span word="Young">Young</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>.</p><p> 2. <span word="be">be</span>+<span word="done">done</span>：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，<span word="done">done</span>必须是及物动词)。如：</p><p> <span word="Tea">Tea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="hometown">hometown</span>.(一般现在时的被动语态)</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>.(一般过去时的被动语态)</p><p> <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tidied">tidied</span> <span word="already">already</span>.(现在完成时的被动语态)</p><p> <span word="How">How</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cakes">cakes</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="home">home</span>?(含情态动词的被动语态)</p>
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