从零开始学语法：及物动词与不及物动词
<p> 1. 及物动词</p><p> 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(<span word="transitive">transitive</span> <span word="verb">verb</span>)。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。如：</p><p> <span word="Hes">Hes</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span>. 他正在读一本杂志。(单宾语)</p><p> <span word="Mr">Mr</span> <span word="Zhang">Zhang</span> <span word="teaches">teaches</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="English">English</span>. 张老师教我们英语。(双宾语：<span word="us">us</span>是间接宾语，<span word="English">English</span>是直接宾语)</p><p> 2. 不及物动词</p><p> 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(<span word="intransitive">intransitive</span> <span word="verb">verb</span>)。如：</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="June">June</span> 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="around">around</span>. 他环顾四周。</p><p> 如果想接宾语，动词后面必须加上介词：</p><p> <span word="False">False</span>: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> <span word="Right">Right</span>: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="me">me</span>.</p><p> *注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。</p><p> 3. 兼作及物动词和不及物动词</p><p> 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：</p><p> <span word="a">a</span>) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：</p><p> <span word="Shall">Shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>? 我可以立刻开始吗?(<span word="begin">begin</span>作不及物动词)</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="librarian">librarian</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="school">school</span>. 她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(<span word="begin">begin</span>作及物动词)</p>
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