从零开始学语法：方位介词辨析
<p> 1. <span word="at">at</span>, <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="on">on</span></p><p> <span word="at">at</span> 一般指小地方;<span word="in">in</span> 一般指大地方或某个范围之内;<span word="on">on</span> 往往表示在某个物体的表面。例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 他昨天到上海。</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="village">village</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="dark">dark</span>. 他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="hole">hole</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>. 墙上有个大洞。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="hung">hung</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>. 老师把一幅画挂在墙上。</p><p> 2. <span word="over">over</span>, <span word="above">above</span>, <span word="on">on</span></p><p> <span word="over">over</span>, <span word="on">on</span> 和 <span word="above">above</span> 都可表示在上面，但具体含义不同。<span word="Over">Over</span> 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是<span word="under">under</span>。<span word="above">above</span> 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是<span word="below">below</span>。<span word="On">On</span> 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span>. 河上有一座桥。</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="flew">flew</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clouds">clouds</span>. 我们飞越云层。</p><p> <span word="They">They</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. 他们把一些花放在讲桌上。</p><p> 3. <span word="across">across</span>, <span word="through">through</span></p><p> <span word="across">across</span> 和 <span word="through">through</span> 均可表示从这一边到另一边，但用法不同。<span word="Across">Across</span> 的含义与 <span word="on">on</span> 有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。<span word="Through">Through</span> 的含义与 <span word="in">in</span> 有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>. 狗跑过草地。</p>
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