SAT写作经典例子之古腾堡
<p> <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span>, <span word="Johannes">Johannes</span> 14001468</p><p> <span word="Printer">Printer</span>; <span word="regarded">regarded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="inventor">inventor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="movable">movable</span>-<span word="type">type</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>. <span word="Born">Born</span> <span word="Johann">Johann</span> <span word="Gensfleisch">Gensfleisch</span> <span word="zur">zur</span> <span word="Laden">Laden</span> <span word="zum">zum</span> <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span>, <span word="circa">circa</span> 1400, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Mainz">Mainz</span>, <span word="Germany">Germany</span>. <span word="Little">Little</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Gutenbergs">Gutenbergs</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="life">life</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wealthy">wealthy</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="apprenticed">apprenticed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="goldsmith">goldsmith</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gem">gem</span> <span word="cutting">cutting</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Mainz">Mainz</span>. <span word="Between">Between</span> 1428 <span word="and">and</span> 1430, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Strassburg">Strassburg</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 20 <span word="years">years</span>.</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="famous">famous</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="lifetime">lifetime</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="press">press</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="influential">influential</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="society">society</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="realized">realized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span> <span word="manuscripts">manuscripts</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="xylography">xylography</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="satisfy">satisfy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="printed">printed</span> <span word="material">material</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="printing">printing</span>, <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="combined">combined</span> <span word="features">features</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="technologies">technologies</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="wine">wine</span> <span word="presses">presses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="textile">textile</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="papermaking">papermaking</span> <span word="devices">devices</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="movable">movable</span> <span word="metal">metal</span> <span word="type">type</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="consisted">consisted</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="over">over</span> 300 <span word="characters">characters</span>. <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="character">character</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="carved">carved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="soft">soft</span> <span word="metal">metal</span>, <span word="molded">molded</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cast">cast</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="molten">molten</span> <span word="alloy">alloy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lead">lead</span>, <span word="antimony">antimony</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tin">tin</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="method">method</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="movable">movable</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span>, <span word="without">without</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="change">change</span>, <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> <span word="century">century</span>.</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="exactly">exactly</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="movable">movable</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1438, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="heirs">heirs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="partners">partners</span> <span word="sued">sued</span> <span word="him">him</span>; <span word="they">they</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="suit">suit</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trial">trial</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>, <span word="presumably">presumably</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="printing">printing</span> <span word="press">press</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="secret">secret</span>. <span word="By">By</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1448, <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Mainz">Mainz</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="borrowed">borrowed</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="work">work</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 1450, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="received">received</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="substantial">substantial</span> <span word="loan">loan</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Johann">Johann</span> <span word="Fust">Fust</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wealthy">wealthy</span> <span word="financier">financier</span>; <span word="Fust">Fust</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="loaned">loaned</span> <span word="Gutenberg">Gutenberg</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="money">money</span>.</p>
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