SAT作文素材分享(二):Informational social influence
<p> <span word="Microscopically">Microscopically</span>, <span word="informational">informational</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="turns">turns</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="obtain">obtain</span> <span word="accurate">accurate</span> <span word="information">information</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="informational">informational</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="situations">situations</span>: <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="ambiguous">ambiguous</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="uncertain">uncertain</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="depend">depend</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="spite">spite</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="panic">panic</span>. <span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="ease">ease</span> <span word="fears">fears</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="unfortunately">unfortunately</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="right">right</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="knowledgeable">knowledgeable</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="resource">resource</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span> <span word="too">too</span>. <span word="Informational">Informational</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="internalization">internalization</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="acceptance">acceptance</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="genuinely">genuinely</span> <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="right">right</span>.</p><p> <span word="Informational">Informational</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="documented">documented</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Muzafer">Muzafer</span> <span word="Sherifs">Sherifs</span> <span word="autokinetic">autokinetic</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="opinions">opinions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opinion">opinion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span>. <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="placed">placed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dark">dark</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="stare">stare</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="dot">dot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="light">light</span> 15 <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="away">away</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="moved">moved</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="trick">trick</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="movement">movement</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="visual">visual</span> <span word="illusion">illusion</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="autokinetic">autokinetic</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>. <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="amounts">amounts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="movement">movement</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="conformed">conformed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Sherif">Sherif</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="simulation">simulation</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="norms">norms</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="frame">frame</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reference">reference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p>
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