慧眼识修辞——三种常见比喻
<p> <span word="SAT">SAT</span>阅读文章常常会出现一些修辞，例如比喻。这些修辞概念出现在中文中时大家可能会很熟悉，但是在英文中由于大家见得少，所以可能就会出现理解偏差，选项也常常在这些修辞手法处做手脚。下面是<span word="SAT">SAT</span>阅读考试常见的三种比喻手法的总结。</p><p> 一、明喻</p><p> 以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。</p><p> 常用比喻词<span word="like">like</span>, <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span>等在句中出现，例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="stepped">stepped</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fairytales">fairytales</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="spirit">spirit</span>.</p><p> 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sway">sway</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="slim">slim</span> <span word="fingers">fingers</span> <span word="reaching">reaching</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="touch">touch</span> <span word="something">something</span>.</p><p> 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。</p><p> 二、隐喻</p><p> 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。例如：</p><p> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="guns">guns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="planes">planes</span> <span word="rained">rained</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="bombs">bombs</span>, <span word="shells">shells</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bullets">bullets</span>...</p><p> 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。</p>
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