SAT阅读课外扩展材料
<p> <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="start">start</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Carnegie">Carnegie</span> <span word="Mellon">Mellon</span> <span word="University">University</span><span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="grants">grants</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Defense">Defense</span> <span word="Advanced">Advanced</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="Projects">Projects</span> <span word="Agency">Agency</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Google">Google</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tapping">tapping</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="supercomputing">supercomputing</span> <span word="cluster">cluster</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Yahoo">Yahoo</span><span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="fine">fine</span>-<span word="tuning">tuning</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="master">master</span> <span word="semantics">semantics</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="human">human</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="beating">beating</span> <span word="hardware">hardware</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sleek">sleek</span>, <span word="silver">silver</span>-<span word="gray">gray</span> <span word="computer">computer</span><span word="calculating">calculating</span> 24 <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="seven">seven</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span><span word="that">that</span> <span word="resides">resides</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="basement">basement</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="center">center</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="university">university</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="primed">primed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="categories">categories</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="loose">loose</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mission">mission</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="teach">teach</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>.</p><p> <span word="For">For</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advances">advances</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="science">science</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="do">do</span>, <span word="cumulatively">cumulatively</span>, <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="term">term</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teams">teams</span> <span word="leader">leader</span>, <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="M">M</span>. <span word="Mitchell">Mitchell</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="chairman">chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="department">department</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Never">Never</span>-<span word="Ending">Ending</span> <span word="Language">Language</span> <span word="Learning">Learning</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="NELL">NELL</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="impressive">impressive</span> <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="far">far</span>. <span word="NELL">NELL</span> <span word="scans">scans</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Web">Web</span> <span word="pages">pages</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="facts">facts</span>, 390,000 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="date">date</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="accuracy">accuracy</span> <span word="of">of</span> 87 <span word="percent">percent</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="grouped">grouped</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="semantic">semantic</span> <span word="categories">categories</span><span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="teams">teams</span>, <span word="actors">actors</span>, <span word="universities">universities</span>, <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="and">and</span> 274 <span word="others">others</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="category">category</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="San">San</span> <span word="Francisco">Francisco</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sunflower">sunflower</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="plant">plant</span>.</p><p> <span word="NELL">NELL</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="learns">learns</span> <span word="facts">facts</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="categories">categories</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="Peyton">Peyton</span> <span word="Manning">Manning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="player">player</span> . <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</span> <span word="Colts">Colts</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="football">football</span> <span word="team">team</span> . <span word="By">By</span> <span word="scanning">scanning</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span>, <span word="NELL">NELL</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="probability">probability</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Peyton">Peyton</span> <span word="Manning">Manning</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</span> <span word="Colts">Colts</span><span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Manning">Manning</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Colts">Colts</span>. <span word="Plays">Plays</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relation">relation</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> 280 <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="relations">relations</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="categories">categories</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="steadily">steadily</span> <span word="expand">expand</span>.</p>
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