SAT阅读素材：Machine learning
<p> <span word="Machine">Machine</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scientific">scientific</span> <span word="discipline">discipline</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="algorithms">algorithms</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="computers">computers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="evolve">evolve</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="empirical">empirical</span> <span word="data">data</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="sensor">sensor</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="databases">databases</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="capture">capture</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="unknown">unknown</span> <span word="underlying">underlying</span> <span word="probability">probability</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span>. <span word="Data">Data</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="illustrate">illustrate</span> <span word="relations">relations</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="variables">variables</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="machine">machine</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="automatically">automatically</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="recognize">recognize</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="data">data</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difficulty">difficulty</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="inputs">inputs</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="covered">covered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="examples">examples</span> . <span word="Hence">Hence</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="generalize">generalize</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="examples">examples</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="output">output</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>. <span word="Artificial">Artificial</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="field">field</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="probability">probability</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="statistics">statistics</span>, <span word="data">data</span> <span word="mining">mining</span>, <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="recognition">recognition</span>, <span word="adaptive">adaptive</span> <span word="control">control</span>, <span word="computational">computational</span> <span word="neuroscience">neuroscience</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="theoretical">theoretical</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="science">science</span>.</p><p> </p>
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