SAT阅读资料:Dopaminergic mind hypothesis
<p> <span word="SAT">SAT</span>阅读资料:<span word="Dopaminergic">Dopaminergic</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span></p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dopaminergic">dopaminergic</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span> <span word="seeks">seeks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="hominid">hominid</span> <span word="relatives">relatives</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="focusing">focusing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="dopamine">dopamine</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="theorizes">theorizes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="physiological">physiological</span> <span word="adaptation">adaptation</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="meat">meat</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Homo">Homo</span> <span word="habilis">habilis</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="enhanced">enhanced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="diet">diet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="approximately">approximately</span> 80,000 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="personal">personal</span> <span word="destiny">destiny</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="religious">religious</span>/<span word="cosmic">cosmic</span> <span word="preoccupation">preoccupation</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="obsession">obsession</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="achieving">achieving</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="conquests">conquests</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="detachment">detachment</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ruthlessness">ruthlessness</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>-<span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="mentality">mentality</span>. <span word="High">High</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="proposed">proposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="underlie">underlie</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industrialized">industrialized</span> <span word="societies">societies</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dopaminergic">dopaminergic</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>-<span word="oriented">oriented</span>, <span word="fast">fast</span>-<span word="paced">paced</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="manic">manic</span> <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="given">given</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>, <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="internal">internal</span> <span word="clocks">clocks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="novel">novel</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="unchanging">unchanging</span> <span word="environments">environments</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="empathy">empathy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exhibit">exhibit</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="masculine">masculine</span> <span word="behavioral">behavioral</span> <span word="style">style</span>, <span word="dopaminergic">dopaminergic</span> <span word="societies">societies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="typified">typified</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="conquest">conquest</span>, <span word="competition">competition</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="aggression">aggression</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="nurturance">nurturance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="communality">communality</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="behavioral">behavioral</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="indirect">indirect</span> <span word="anatomical">anatomical</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dopaminergic">dopaminergic</span> <span word="expansion">expansion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="markedly">markedly</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="apes">apes</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="discoveries">discoveries</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>-<span word="side">side</span> <span word="settlements">settlements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dietary">dietary</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="hypothesis">hypothesis</span>.</p>
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