GMAT作文模板使用的七大忌
<p> <span word="GMAT">GMAT</span>作文模板使用的七大忌，提醒大家切记一定不要犯以下错误。 第一宗罪：无因果联系 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="commits">commits</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fallacy">fallacy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="causal">causal</span> <span word="oversimplification">oversimplification</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="occurred">occurred</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="B">B</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latter">latter</span>. (<span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="correlation">correlation</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="establish">establish</span> <span word="causality">causality</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="coincides">coincides</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="B">B</span>.) <span word="But">But</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fallacious">fallacious</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="causal">causal</span> <span word="explanations">explanations</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ruled">ruled</span> <span word="out">out</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="C">C</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="D">D</span>. 第二宗罪 <span word="Insufficient">Insufficient</span>-<span word="sample">sample</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="insufficient">insufficient</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="logically">logically</span> <span word="unsounded">unsounded</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="establish">establish</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> (<span word="The">The</span> <span word="statistics">statistics</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="indicator">indicator</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="future">future</span> <span word="trends">trends</span>), <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="A">A</span>1 <span word="is">is</span> <span word="representative">representative</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="that">that</span>.... <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="unwarranted">unwarranted</span>. 第三宗罪: 错误类比 (<span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="false">false</span> <span word="analogy">analogy</span> )横向 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="rests">rests</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="analogous">analogous</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="respects">respects</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="weak">weak</span>, <span word="since">since</span> <span word="although">although</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="points">points</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="B">B</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="dissimilarity">dissimilarity</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="A">A</span>..., <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="B">B</span>.... <span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>.... 第四宗罪 <span word="all">all</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equal">equal</span>纵向 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="commits">commits</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fallacy">fallacy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equal">equal</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="that">that</span>.... <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="assumes">assumes</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="justification">justification</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="background">background</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="locations">locations</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="clear">clear</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="AA">AA</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="conclude">conclude</span> <span word="that">that</span>.... 第五宗罪 <span word="Either">Either</span>-<span word="Or">Or</span> <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="assumes">assumes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="AA">AA</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="BB">BB</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="mutually">mutually</span> <span word="exclusive">exclusive</span> <span word="alternatives">alternatives</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="ground">ground</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="imposing">imposing</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="either">either</span>-<span word="or">or</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>. <span word="Common">Common</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="adjusting">adjusting</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="AA">AA</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="BB">BB</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="results">results</span>. 第六宗罪 <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="doubtful">doubtful</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="poll">poll</span> <span word="cited">cited</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="vague">vague</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="informative">informative</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="indicate">indicate</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poll">poll</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="responded">responded</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="when">when</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poll">poll</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span>. (<span word="Lacking">Lacking</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="surveyed">surveyed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="respondents">respondents</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="impossible">impossible</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="validity">validity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="if">if</span> 200 <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="surveyed">surveyed</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="only">only</span> 2 <span word="responded">responded</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="that">that</span>...<span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="highly">highly</span> <span word="suspect">suspect</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="rule">rule</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="interpretations">interpretations</span>,) <span word="Until">Until</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="answered">answered</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="worthless">worthless</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>. 第七宗罪 <span word="gratuitous">gratuitous</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="falsely">falsely</span> <span word="depends">depends</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="gratuitous">gratuitous</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span>.... <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="stated">stated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="that">that</span>.... <span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="unwarranted">unwarranted</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="possibility">possibility</span>.</p>
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