GMAT写作运用类比很重要
<p> 一、类比在<span word="ISSUE">ISSUE</span>中的应用</p><p> 个人认为，类比在上述提到的五种论据方法中是最有逻辑性的，使用得当可以省力又出彩地证明观点。它有点像中学时代所学的几何题，解题的关键不在论证的过程，而是添加一条辅助线。只要找到合适的辅助线，论证就是水到渠成的事了。当我们想论证一个抽象复杂的命题<span word="AB">AB</span> 时，我们可以选择一个具体形象并且不需要证明的<span word="D">D</span>来作为辅助线，然后就把原本复杂的<span word="AB">AB</span>的论证过程替代为论述<span word="AB">AB</span>和<span word="CD">CD</span>之间的相似性就可以了。这里需要指出的是，所谓具体形象且不需要证明的<span word="CD">CD</span>其实指的就是事实或常识。所以类比关系建立的难点就在与选择合适的<span word="CD">CD</span>。我们来看个例子。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Negro">Negro</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="callus">callus</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="soul">soul</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="harder">harder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hurt">hurt</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="there">there</span>. <span word="Thats">Thats</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nature">nature</span>. <span word="Like">Like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="callus">callus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shoe">shoe</span> <span word="thats">thats</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="tight">tight</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="natures">natures</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shoe">shoe</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="man">man</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="tight">tight</span> <span word="shoe">shoe</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="pinch">pinch</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="holler">holler</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="scream">scream</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="later">later</span>， <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shoe">shoe</span> <span word="off">off</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="callus">callus</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shoe">shoe</span>。</p><p> <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Negro">Negro</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="shoethe">shoethe</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="mans">mans</span> <span word="systemhas">systemhas</span> <span word="pinched">pinched</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rubbed">rubbed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="squeezed">squeezed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="soul">soul</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="destroyed">destroyed</span> <span word="him">him</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="didnt">didnt</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="callus">callus</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="soul">soul</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="adjusted">adjusted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="him">him</span>， <span word="too">too</span>， <span word="that">that</span> <span word="callus">callus</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="system">system</span>。</p>
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