GMAT阅读考试技巧的3大前提
<p> 1：只有认识（<span word="know">know</span>）每一个单词（<span word="every">every</span> <span word="word">word</span>）才能读懂全文？ 在阅读教学研究当中，语言学家发现，一篇文章中不认识的单词（<span word="unknown">unknown</span> <span word="words">words</span>）占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内，是绝对（<span word="absolutely">absolutely</span>）不会影响到全文任何观点的理解的。 2：专有名词（<span word="noun">noun</span>），尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词必须认识？ 这一问题牵涉到了一系列问题（<span word="problem">problem</span>），那就是什么叫做认识专有名词？从英到汉的翻译（<span word="translation">translation</span>）叫做认识？还是知道专有名词的特征（<span word="characteristic">characteristic</span>）叫做认识？读者请想想看，我们在阅读理解（<span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="comprehension">comprehension</span>）中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法：<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="sedge">sedge</span> <span word="root">root</span>？我想没有，因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法：<span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="sedge">sedge</span> <span word="root">root</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="true">true</span>? <span word="What">What</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="sedge">sedge</span> <span word="root">root</span>? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析（<span word="analysis">analysis</span>）。假设原文有这样一句话：<span word="Sedge">Sedge</span> <span word="root">root</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="woody">woody</span> <span word="fiber">fiber</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="separated">separated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="strands">strands</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="basketry">basketry</span> <span word="production">production</span>. 请问<span word="sedge">sedge</span> <span word="root">root</span>的中文翻译莎草的根 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗？我想很难！真正能够帮助（<span word="help">help</span>）我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字<span word="a">a</span> <span word="woody">woody</span> <span word="fiber">fiber</span> （木制纤维）和定语从句中的文字部分<span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="separated">separated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="strands">strands</span> （能够轻易地被分割成线）。通过上述的分析，想必大家已经非常清楚（<span word="clear">clear</span>）地认识到过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为（<span word="stupid">stupid</span> <span word="action">action</span>）。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识，所以<span word="Sodium">Sodium</span> <span word="Caseinate">Caseinate</span>和它的释义酪蛋白酸钠对我们而言是一样的毫无意义（<span word="meaningless">meaningless</span>），毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念（<span word="concept">concept</span>）。 3：我们可以从上下文中（<span word="context">context</span>）猜出单词的释义？ 笔者认为从上下文中猜出单词的释义是不现实的（<span word="not">not</span> <span word="realistic">realistic</span>）。例如有这样一句话<span word="Supernova">Supernova</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="star">star</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="undergoes">undergoes</span> <span word="gravitational">gravitational</span> <span word="collapse">collapse</span>. 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出<span word="supernova">supernova</span>的释义超新星的。而我们真正能够做到的是从上下文中猜出单词的特征：<span word="supernova">supernova</span>是巨大的恒星（<span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="star">star</span>），它在进行引力收缩（<span word="undergoes">undergoes</span> <span word="gravitational">gravitational</span> <span word="collapse">collapse</span>）。这样思路的转化（<span word="change">change</span>），让我们顿感释然，因为从此以后遇到不认识的单词（<span word="word">word</span>），我们再也不用停下来思考单词的释义（<span word="meaning">meaning</span>），也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义，我们需要做的是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以。 通过上面对<span word="gmat">gmat</span>阅读解题技巧的3个前提须知的介绍（<span word="introduction">introduction</span>），相信对于很多计划参加<span word="gmat">gmat</span>考试的人来说，可以参考上面的三个要点来做好的自己的<span word="gmat">gmat</span>考试策略（<span word="strategy">strategy</span>）。</p>
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