逻辑题型及典型问法
<p> △加强题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="premise">premise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="valid">valid</span> / <span word="strengthen">strengthen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="additional">additional</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>?) △削弱题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="undermines">undermines</span> / <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="weaken">weaken</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> / <span word="argument">argument</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="assertions">assertions</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>?) △假设题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="relies">relies</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="accurately">accurately</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hidden">hidden</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="presupposition">presupposition</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="above">above</span>?) △评价题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="accurate">accurate</span> <span word="evaluation">evaluation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="principles">principles</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="valid">valid</span>, <span word="justifies">justifies</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="helpful">helpful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="evaluate">evaluate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>?) △解释题(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="concludes">concludes</span> <span word="that">that</span> ... <span word="partly">partly</span> <span word="because">because</span>...; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="why">why</span> ...?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="principles">principles</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="established">established</span>, <span word="would">would</span> <span word="justify">justify</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="judgments">judgments</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Bs">Bs</span> <span word="actions">actions</span>?) △矛盾解决题（也可归类到解释题里）(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="resolve">resolve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="apparent">apparent</span> <span word="discrepancy">discrepancy</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="in">in</span>...?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reconcile">reconcile</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="stated">stated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?) △结论（归纳）题(<span word="It">It</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="concluded">concluded</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="that">that</span>...; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="accurately">accurately</span> <span word="expresses">expresses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="point">point</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="CANNOT">CANNOT</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="inferences">inferences</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="reliably">reliably</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="structured">structured</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="conclusions">conclusions</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="statement">statement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?; <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inferred">inferred</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="EXCEPT">EXCEPT</span>...; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="claims">claims</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>?; <span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="statements">statements</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span>?) △句子完成（划线填空）题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="completion">completion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="Based">Based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="above">above</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="NOT">NOT</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="completion">completion</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>?) △信息支持（反向加强）题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="statement">statement</span> <span word="above">above</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="claim">claim</span>?) △推理缺陷题(<span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flaw">flaw</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="logically">logically</span> <span word="flawed">flawed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span>...; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mans">mans</span> <span word="erroneous">erroneous</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="his">his</span>...; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="vulnerable">vulnerable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="criticism">criticism</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span>...; ) △逻辑相似性题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="logic">logic</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="exhibits">exhibits</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="flaw">flaw</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="exhibited">exhibited</span> <span word="above">above</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="exhibited">exhibited</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="contains">contains</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="error">error</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="parallels">parallels</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flawed">flawed</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reasoning">reasoning</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>?) △逻辑相悖题(<span word="In">In</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="expressed">expressed</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="violated">violated</span>?) △两人争论内容题(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="agreement">agreement</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="terms">terms</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="A">A</span><span word="B">B</span>?) △逻辑策略方法题(<span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="causal">causal</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>?; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="establishes">establishes</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>?; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="by">by</span>...;<span word="The">The</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="seeks">seeks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>?; <span word="A">A</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="weakens">weakens</span> <span word="Bs">Bs</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span>?; <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>?; <span word="As">As</span> <span word="statement">statement</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="conforms">conforms</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="principles">principles</span>?; <span word="The">The</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="As">As</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Bs">Bs</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="As">As</span> <span word="response">response</span>...; <span word="A">A</span> <span word="responds">responds</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Bs">Bs</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="by">by</span>...<span word="How">How</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="As">As</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Bs">Bs</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>?) （注：有些问法可以归为不止一类；一些较冷僻的问法没有列在括号里，但应该不会影响判断。）</p>
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