实例讲解对付GRE Argument 的思路和破题方法
<p> 今天 随机挑选了一篇 <span word="Argument">Argument</span> <span word="task">task</span>, 一起总结一下对付 <span word="Argument">Argument</span> 的一般思路和破题方法。</p><p> 同样，我希望这篇帖子的意义，不仅在于解决了一道 <span word="Argument">Argument</span> 题目，而且在于提出了一种思考 <span word="Argument">Argument</span> 的方式。</p><p> 先澄清一个长期以来的误会<span word="Issue">Issue</span> 是立论而 <span word="Argument">Argument</span> 是驳论。</p><p> 我不知道是谁先提出这个观点的，但是 <span word="ETS">ETS</span> 没有这样说。</p><p> 按照 <span word="OG">OG</span> 的说法：<span word="Argument">Argument</span> <span word="task">task</span> 旨在考查考生在特定指导语的指导下，理解、分析、评估一段陈辞，并清晰地表达出自己对于其评估的结果<span word="Argument">Argument</span> <span word="task">task</span> 要求考生在指导语的指导下，通过检查逻辑链路，讨论原作者的逻辑完备程度并且明确指出不需要讨论陈辞的真实性、不需要讨论自己的立场、不需要讨论自己对于事件的观点，而是要评估对方的逻辑推论的完备程度。</p><p> 所以 <span word="ETS">ETS</span> 并没有要求考生驳倒原作者的陈辞，而只是需要分析对方推论过程中是否有问题。简而言之<span word="Issue">Issue</span> 是需要对一个事情提出一个相对完备的逻辑分析过程，而 <span word="Argument">Argument</span> 是需要对一个看似完备的陈辞进行逻辑层面的分析。</p><p> 题目：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="newsletter">newsletter</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="nationwide">nationwide</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effectiveness">effectiveness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="helmet">helmet</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="bicycling">bicycling</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="approximately">approximately</span> 35 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="bicyclists">bicyclists</span> <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="helmets">helmets</span>, <span word="whereas">whereas</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 80 <span word="percent">percent</span>. <span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bicycle">bicycle</span>-<span word="related">related</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> 200 <span word="percent">percent</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="demonstrate">demonstrate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="bicyclists">bicyclists</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="safer">safer</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="helmets">helmets</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="risks">risks</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="injuries">injuries</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="bicycle">bicycle</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="concentrate">concentrate</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="educating">educating</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="bicycle">bicycle</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="encouraging">encouraging</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="requiring">requiring</span> <span word="bicyclists">bicyclists</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="helmets">helmets</span>.</p>
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