名师指导：GRE写作要学会巧用“小词”(二)
<p> 由人到物</p><p> 所谓由人到物是指这个单词原本形容人，而在某些场合中可以采用拟物的手法，形容物体或事件。</p><p> 1.<span word="Flatter">Flatter</span>. <span word="Flatter">Flatter</span>指谄媚、奉承。拟物后可以表示比真人好看。如<span word="You">You</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="surely">surely</span> <span word="flatteredby">flatteredby</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="dress">dress</span>。</p><p> 2.<span word="Flirt">Flirt</span>. <span word="Flirt">Flirt</span>最熟悉的意思是调情，而事实上，它还可以表示不当真的对待、玩笑地对待。如<span word="Flirt">Flirt</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="resigning">resigning</span></p><p> 3. <span word="Conspire">Conspire</span>. <span word="conspire">conspire</span>形容人同谋、密谋，也可以形容事物联合发生共同导致。如<span word="Wretched">Wretched</span> <span word="weather">weather</span>, <span word="nasty">nasty</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="disgusting">disgusting</span> <span word="companions">companions</span> <span word="conspired">conspired</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wet">wet</span> <span word="blanket">blanket</span>。</p><p> 4.<span word="Coax">Coax</span>. <span word="Coax">Coax</span>指人用好话劝、哄诱，指物的时候作耐心地处理、小心摆弄的意思。如<span word="Pianists">Pianists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="difficulties">difficulties</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="piano">piano</span> <span word="hammers">hammers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="hit">hit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="string">string</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="coaxed">coaxed</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="percussion">percussion</span>。</p><p> 本意引申</p><p> 有些单词在长期使用中，可能会慢慢衍变成其他我们更熟悉的含义。但是有时恰恰是它的本来意思可以引申出一些奇妙的用法。</p><p> 1.<span word="Throw">Throw</span>. <span word="Throw">Throw</span>原本指的是人在马背上，被马突然摔在地上。因此就有了这样的用法，表示使处于、使陷入。如<span word="Thousands">Thousands</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="thrown">thrown</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="homeless">homeless</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span>.</p><p> 2.<span word="Pitch">Pitch</span>. <span word="Pitch">Pitch</span>除了表示投、掷等意思外，还可以指定标准、用合适的角度、方式表达。这是由于在古希腊的时候，运动会上往往会通过投掷标枪确定一条合格线，因此这个词就慢慢有了定标准这层意思。如<span word="The">The</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="pitched">pitched</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="level">level</span>。</p>
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