范亚飞老师：如何在GRE作文中避免语言偏见
<p> <span word="Avoid">Avoid</span> <span word="Language">Language</span> <span word="Bias">Bias</span></p><p> <span word="Suggestions">Suggestions</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="avoiding">avoiding</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="reinforces">reinforces</span> <span word="stereotypes">stereotypes</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="excludes">excludes</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p><p> <span word="Sexism">Sexism</span>, <span word="Race">Race</span> <span word="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Origin">Origin</span>, <span word="Age">Age</span>, <span word="Sexual">Sexual</span> <span word="Orientation">Orientation</span></p><p> <span word="Depersonalization">Depersonalization</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Persons">Persons</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Disabilities">Disabilities</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Illnesses">Illnesses</span></p><p> <span word="Patronizing">Patronizing</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Demeaning">Demeaning</span> <span word="Expressions">Expressions</span></p><p> <span word="Language">Language</span> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="Excludes">Excludes</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Unnecessarily">Unnecessarily</span> <span word="Emphasizes">Emphasizes</span> <span word="Differences">Differences</span></p><p> <span word="Sexism">Sexism</span></p><p> <span word="Sexism">Sexism</span> is the most difficult bias to avoid, in part because of the convention of using man or men and he or his to refer to people of either sex. Other, more disrespectful conventions include giving descriptions of women in terms of age and appearance while describing men in terms of accomplishment.</p><p> <span word="Avoid">Avoid</span> <span word="This">This</span> :1. <span word="mankind">mankind</span>, <span word="man">man</span> 2. <span word="man">man</span>-<span word="made">made</span> 3. <span word="man">man</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="street">street</span></p><p> <span word="Use">Use</span> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="Instead">Instead</span></p><p> 1. <span word="human">human</span> <span word="beings">beings</span>, <span word="humans">humans</span>, <span word="humankind">humankind</span>, <span word="humanity">humanity</span>, <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span></p><p> 2. <span word="synthetic">synthetic</span>, <span word="artificial">artificial</span></p><p> 3. <span word="average">average</span> <span word="person">person</span>, <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> <span word="person">person</span></p><p> <span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="gender">gender</span>-<span word="neutral">neutral</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="occupations">occupations</span>, <span word="positions">positions</span>, <span word="roles">roles</span>, <span word="etc">etc</span>.</p><p> <span word="Terms">Terms</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="specify">specify</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="unnecessarily">unnecessarily</span> <span word="perpetuate">perpetuate</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="stereotypes">stereotypes</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="generically">generically</span>.</p><p> </p>
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