GRE难句破解新招（三）
<p> 编辑点评： <span word="GRE">GRE</span>阅读中的难句不仅因为里面的词汇，更因为里面的语法结构复杂。首先，<span word="GRE">GRE</span>阅读具有很强的逻辑递进关系，不能将词汇脱离文章整个结构来解读，其次，阅读的作者们想方设法的增加考生的阅读难度，增加修饰关系，倒装句是他们一直使用的方式，因此看透这些句子的语法结构就是考生们不得不使用的破解招数。</p><p> 同位语是用来对名词或者是名词代词作进一步的解释，一般说来它有单词、短语和从句三种形式。同位语从句是名词从句的一种，置于某些名词之后，如<span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="doubt">doubt</span>, <span word="idea">idea</span>, <span word="news">news</span>, <span word="hope">hope</span>, <span word="indication">indication</span>, <span word="decision">decision</span>, <span word="possibility">possibility</span>, <span word="assumption">assumption</span>, <span word="suggestion">suggestion</span>, <span word="question">question</span>等等。这种从句通常是由<span word="that">that</span>引导的，有时也会用到如<span word="what">what</span>, <span word="why">why</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span>, <span word="when">when</span>等来引导。</p><p> 同位语从句和定语从句在句子结构上有一定的相似,容易使人混淆.要注意在同位语从句中<span word="that">that</span>, <span word="what">what</span>, <span word="who">who</span>等连接代词在句中并不充当句子成分。</p><p> 在进行英文阅读时，要注意同位语与本位语分割的现象，这种现象常常会造成阅读理解上的困难，特别是发生在句子结构本身十分复杂的时候。例如：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="radar">radar</span>, <span word="coined">coined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="II">II</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="derived">derived</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span> <span word="Radio">Radio</span> <span word="Detection">Detection</span> <span word="And">And</span> <span word="Ranging">Ranging</span>.这句话的中文意思是<span word="radar">radar</span>这个词，是第二次世界大战期间作为一个代号而造出来的，是<span word="Radio">Radio</span> <span word="Detection">Detection</span> <span word="And">And</span> <span word="Ranging">Ranging</span>这个词组的缩写。本句的<span word="radar">radar</span>是<span word="word">word</span>的同位语。同位语常常表示本位语的另一种说法，指出本位语的具体内容或者列举、突出本位语的一部分内容。同位语一般置于本位语之后，可以不用标点符号隔开，也可以用逗号、冒号或破折号隔开，例如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="maybe">maybe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enemy">enemy</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="fled">fled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.这里<span word="thought">thought</span>就和它的由<span word="that">that</span>引导的同位语从句被谓语部分<span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="him">him</span>所分割。</p>
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