GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子
<p> 38. 雄性动物养孩子</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="exception">exception</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="primate">primate</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="ignoring">ignoring</span> <span word="interactions">interactions</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="males">males</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="infants">infants</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="monogamous">monogamous</span> <span word="primates">primates</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="over">over</span> 200 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="zoologist">zoologist</span>-<span word="illustrator">illustrator</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Edwards">Edwards</span> <span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pet">pet</span> <span word="marmosets">marmosets</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="garden">garden</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="males">males</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="infants">infants</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="equaled">equaled</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="exceeded">exceeded</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="females">females</span>. <span word="Mothers">Mothers</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="marmosets">marmosets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tamarins">tamarins</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="twins">twins</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ease">ease</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="staggering">staggering</span> <span word="reproductive">reproductive</span> <span word="burden">burden</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="carries">carries</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="infant">infant</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="suckling">suckling</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Kleiman">Kleiman</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="monogamy">monogamy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paternity">paternity</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="care">care</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Symons">Symons</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="monogamy">monogamy</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="primates">primates</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="rare">rare</span>.</p><p> <span word="Recent">Recent</span> <span word="findings">findings</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reverse">reverse</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="picture">picture</span>. <span word="First">First</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="monogamy">monogamy</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="primates">primates</span> <span word="turns">turns</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="second">second</span>, <span word="male">male</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="turns">turns</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="extensive">extensive</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="confined">confined</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="monogamous">monogamous</span> <span word="species">species</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Hrdy">Hrdy</span>. <span word="Whereas">Whereas</span> <span word="previously">previously</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="monogamy">monogamy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="certainty">certainty</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="paternity">paternity</span> <span word="facilitated">facilitated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evolution">evolution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="care">care</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="appropriate">appropriate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alternative">alternative</span> <span word="possibility">possibility</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extraordinary">extraordinary</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="primates">primates</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fates">fates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="infants">infants</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="pre">pre</span>-<span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="close">close</span>, <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="males">males</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="females">females</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="under">under</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="ecological">ecological</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span>, <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="monogamy">monogamy</span>! <span word="Either">Either</span> <span word="scenario">scenario</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basis">basis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="male">male</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="restricted">restricted</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="sum">sum</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mothers">mothers</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="virtually">virtually</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="primates">primates</span> <span word="devote">devote</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span>/<span word="or">or</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rearing">rearing</span> <span word="infants">infants</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="males">males</span>, <span word="males">males</span> <span word="nonetheless">nonetheless</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="varied">varied</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="infant">infant</span> <span word="survival">survival</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="realized">realized</span>.</p>
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