GRE阅读考试话题简析
<p> 1. 收敛理论---<span word="Convergence">Convergence</span> <span word="theory">theory</span></p><p> <span word="Convergence">Convergence</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="holds">holds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="carried">carried</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>. <span word="Thus">Thus</span>, <span word="crowds">crowds</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="like">like</span>-<span word="minded">minded</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="while">while</span> <span word="contagion">contagion</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="crowds">crowds</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span>: <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="crowds">crowds</span>. <span word="An">An</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="homogeneous">homogeneous</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="repetitive">repetitive</span> <span word="practice">practice</span>, <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="observed">observed</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="immigrant">immigrant</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="becomes">becomes</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="homogeneous">homogeneous</span> <span word="area">area</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="community">community</span> <span word="band">band</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="threaten">threaten</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="neighborhoods">neighborhoods</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>, <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="theorists">theorists</span> <span word="contend">contend</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="racial">racial</span> <span word="hatred">hatred</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="violence">violence</span>; <span word="rather">rather</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hostility">hostility</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="simmering">simmering</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="people">people</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="arises">arises</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="convergence">convergence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="oppose">oppose</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="presence">presence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="neighbors">neighbors</span>. <span word="Convergence">Convergence</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="claims">claims</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="irrational">irrational</span>; <span word="rather">rather</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="crowds">crowds</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="existing">existing</span> <span word="beliefs">beliefs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="values">values</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mob">mob</span> <span word="reaction">reaction</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rational">rational</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span>.</p><p> 2. 群体心理学的概念</p><p> <span word="Crowd">Crowd</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="branch">branch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span>. <span word="Ordinary">Ordinary</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="gain">gain</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="acting">acting</span> <span word="collectively">collectively</span>. <span word="Historically">Historically</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="manner">manner</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="bypasses">bypasses</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="process">process</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="provoked">provoked</span> <span word="controversy">controversy</span>. <span word="Social">Social</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="theories">theories</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="explaining">explaining</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="differs">differs</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="Carl">Carl</span> <span word="Jung">Jung</span> <span word="coined">coined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Collective">Collective</span> <span word="unconscious">unconscious</span>.</p>
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