GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：十四修正案
<p> 7. 十四修正案 1994年10月 <span word="B">B</span> 9104</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="Constitution">Constitution</span>, <span word="ratified">ratified</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1868, <span word="prohibits">prohibits</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laws">laws</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="precisely">precisely</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framers">framers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amendment">amendment</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="clause">clause</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="unclear">unclear</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="interpreters">interpreters</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framers">framers</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="objective">objective</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="warrant">warrant</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Civil">Civil</span> <span word="Rights">Rights</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1866, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="guaranteed">guaranteed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="jurisdiction">jurisdiction</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="declaration">declaration</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="echoed">echoed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="counter">counter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Courts">Courts</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Dred">Dred</span> <span word="Scott">Scott</span> <span word="v">v</span>. <span word="Sandford">Sandford</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Black">Black</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="denied">denied</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="vetoed">vetoed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="President">President</span> <span word="Andrew">Andrew</span> <span word="Johnson">Johnson</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="argued">argued</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Thirteenth">Thirteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="abolished">abolished</span> <span word="slavery">slavery</span>, <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authority">authority</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="extend">extend</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="freed">freed</span> <span word="slaves">slaves</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="promptly">promptly</span> <span word="overrode">overrode</span> <span word="Johnsons">Johnsons</span> <span word="veto">veto</span>, <span word="supporters">supporters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="sought">sought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="foundations">foundations</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="broad">broad</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amendment">amendment</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="framers">framers</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="proposing">proposing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Constitution">Constitution</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="laundry">laundry</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="civil">civil</span> <span word="rights">rights</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="principle">principle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="forbids">forbids</span> <span word="organized">organized</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="treating">treating</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="member">member</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="inferior">inferior</span> <span word="class">class</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amendments">amendments</span> <span word="existence">existence</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Courts">Courts</span> <span word="interpretation">interpretation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amendment">amendment</span> <span word="betrayed">betrayed</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="equality">equality</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Civil">Civil</span> <span word="Rights">Rights</span> <span word="Cases">Cases</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1883, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="invented">invented</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="limitation">limitation</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="asserts">asserts</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="owners">owners</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="accommodations">accommodations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="segregate">segregate</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="facilities">facilities</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="insulated">insulated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendments">Amendments</span> <span word="guarantee">guarantee</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span>.</p>
页:
[1]