GRE阅读考生回忆：美国原始人的起源
<p> <span word="Recent">Recent</span> <span word="discoveries">discoveries</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="archaeology">archaeology</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="newscientific">newscientific</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="analyzing">analyzing</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span> <span word="regarding">regarding</span> <span word="theorigin">theorigin</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="peoples">peoples</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Americas">Americas</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="arrival">arrival</span>.</p><p> 新大陆考古发现和新的科学方法</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="crossed">crossed</span> <span word="theland">theland</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Siberia">Siberia</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Alaska">Alaska</span> <span word="around">around</span> 11，500 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="andfollowed">andfollowed</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ice">ice</span>-<span word="free">free</span> <span word="corridor">corridor</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="Canadian">Canadian</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="sheets">sheets</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="unglaciated">unglaciated</span> <span word="lands">lands</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="south">south</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="firstinhabitants">firstinhabitants</span>， <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="archaeological">archaeological</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="scattered">scattered</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="North">North</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="SouthAmerica">SouthAmerica</span>， <span word="were">were</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Clovis">Clovis</span> <span word="people">people</span>， <span word="named">named</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="thetown">thetown</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Mexico">Mexico</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="fluted">fluted</span> <span word="spear">spear</span> <span word="points">points</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="hunting">hunting</span> <span word="mammothwere">mammothwere</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1932.</p><p> 旧观点：11500年前越冰南下，这些第一批定居者散布在南北美洲，叫做<span word="Clovis">Clovis</span>人。</p><p> 新观点：有更早的12500年前，在智利的<span word="MV">MV</span>。</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="convincing">convincing</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="habitation">habitation</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="dateearlier">dateearlier</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Clovis">Clovis</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="including">including</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="located">located</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="South">South</span> <span word="America">America</span>. <span word="Monte">Monte</span> <span word="Verde">Verde</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="sitelocated">sitelocated</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="river">river</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="Chile">Chile</span>， <span word="dates">dates</span> 12，500 <span word="yearsago">yearsago</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="site">site</span> <span word="contains">contains</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="buried">buried</span> <span word="remnants">remnants</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="dwellings">dwellings</span>， <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="toolsincluding">toolsincluding</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="bifacial">bifacial</span> <span word="projectile">projectile</span> <span word="points">points</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="preservedmedicinal">preservedmedicinal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="edible">edible</span> <span word="plants">plants</span>. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="manage">manage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="settle">settle</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="south">south</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="earlydate">earlydate</span>? <span word="A">A</span> <span word="coastal">coastal</span> <span word="migration">migration</span> <span word="route">route</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="gaining">gaining</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="acceptance">acceptance</span>， <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="thanthe">thanthe</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="bands">bands</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="foot">foot</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="landbridge">landbridge</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="Siberia">Siberia</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Alaska">Alaska</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="continents">continents</span>. <span word="Emergingevidence">Emergingevidence</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="boats">boats</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Pacific">Pacific</span> <span word="coast">coast</span> <span word="intoAlaska">intoAlaska</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="northwestern">northwestern</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eventually">eventually</span> <span word="south">south</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Peru">Peru</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chile">Chile</span> <span word="by">by</span> 12，500 <span word="yearsagoand">yearsagoand</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span>. <span word="Archaeologicalevidence">Archaeologicalevidence</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>， <span word="Melanesia">Melanesia</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="indicate">indicate</span> <span word="boats">boats</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="as">as</span> 25，000 <span word="to">to</span> 40，000 <span word="yearsago">yearsago</span>. <span word="Sea">Sea</span> <span word="routes">routes</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="abundant">abundant</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="easierand">easierand</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="routes">routes</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="coastal">coastal</span> <span word="areaswere">areaswere</span> <span word="unglaciated">unglaciated</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="time">time</span>， <span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="landfall">landfall</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span>. <span word="Severalearly">Severalearly</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="coast">coast</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Canada">Canada</span>， <span word="California">California</span>， <span word="Peru">Peru</span>， <span word="Ecuador">Ecuador</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chiledate">Chiledate</span> <span word="between">between</span> 10，000 <span word="and">and</span> 12，000 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="coastal">coastal</span> <span word="sites">sites</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="submerged">submerged</span>， <span word="makinginvestigation">makinginvestigation</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>.</p>
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