GRE阅读考试回忆：第十四次修订法案
<p> 新<span word="GRE">GRE</span>考试阅读部分机经<span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span></p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="Constitution">Constitution</span>， <span word="ratified">ratified</span> <span word="in">in</span>1868， <span word="prohibits">prohibits</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="governments">governments</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="equalprotection">equalprotection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laws">laws</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="precisely">precisely</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framers">framers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amendment">amendment</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="thisequal">thisequal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="clause">clause</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="unclear">unclear</span>， <span word="all">all</span> <span word="interpretersagree">interpretersagree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="framers">framers</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="objective">objective</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="warrant">warrant</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="theCivil">theCivil</span> <span word="Rights">Rights</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1866， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="guaranteed">guaranteed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="persons">persons</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="UnitedStates">UnitedStates</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="jurisdiction">jurisdiction</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="declaration">declaration</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="wasechoed">wasechoed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="text">text</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span>， <span word="was">was</span> <span word="designedprimarily">designedprimarily</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="counter">counter</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Courts">Courts</span> <span word="ruling">ruling</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="DredScott">DredScott</span> <span word="v">v</span>. <span word="Sandford">Sandford</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Black">Black</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="deniedcitizenship">deniedcitizenship</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="vetoed">vetoed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="President">President</span> <span word="Andrew">Andrew</span> <span word="Johnson">Johnson</span>， <span word="who">who</span> <span word="arguedthat">arguedthat</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Thirteenth">Thirteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="abolished">abolished</span> <span word="slavery">slavery</span>， <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="provideCongress">provideCongress</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authority">authority</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="extend">extend</span> <span word="citizenship">citizenship</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="thefreed">thefreed</span> <span word="slaves">slaves</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="promptly">promptly</span> <span word="overrode">overrode</span> <span word="Johnsons">Johnsons</span> <span word="veto">veto</span>， <span word="supportersof">supportersof</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="sought">sought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="foundations">foundations</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="ofthe">ofthe</span> <span word="Fourteenth">Fourteenth</span> <span word="Amendment">Amendment</span>.</p><p> 第一段：14修正案禁止政府否认法律对公民的平等保护<span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laws">laws</span></p><p> 虽然不太明白提案者这么说的具体意义，但所有解释都认同提案者的直接目的是为<span word="Civil">Civil</span> <span word="Right">Right</span> <span word="Acts">Acts</span>提供支持，这个<span word="Act">Act</span>的内容是保证所有出生于美国的并遵从美国法律的公民的市民权<span word="citizenship">citizenship</span>。14修正案重提<span word="Act">Act</span>的内容主要是为了反对最高法院<span word="Super">Super</span> <span word="Court">Court</span>的黑人应该没有<span word="citizenship">citizenship</span>这一判决。<span word="Act">Act</span>被总统否定了，他认为13修正案中废除了奴隶制，但没有向国会提供将<span word="citizenship">citizenship</span>和<span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="protection">protection</span>扩展到黑人的权力<span word="authority">authority</span>。尽管国会又否决了总统的否定，<span word="Act">Act</span>的支持者们仍然去寻找<span word="Act">Act</span>的宪法基础<span word="constitutional">constitutional</span> <span word="foundations">foundations</span>，这样就有了14修正案。</p>
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