GRE阅读综合辅导:63题网络课堂总结(八)
<p> 现象：判例中的转变<span word="In">In</span> 189612 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Georgia">Georgia</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> 控告 <span word="damages">damages</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="accidental">accidental</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="contribution">contribution</span>1<span word="A">A</span>2<span word="C">C</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="liability">liability</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="damages">damages</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="contrast">contrast</span>, <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="later">later</span>, <span word="in">in</span> 1979, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="sued">sued</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="accidental">accidental</span>-<span word="death">death</span> <span word="damages">damages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="award">award</span> <span word="of">of</span> $750,000.</p><p> 解释：原因是孩子价值的转变<span word="The">The</span> <span word="transformation">transformation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="values">values</span> <span word="implicit">implicit</span> <span word="in">in</span> 把两个东西并排 <span word="these">these</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="incidents">incidents</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Viviana">Viviana</span> <span word="Zelizers">Zelizers</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="Pricing">Pricing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Priceless">Priceless</span> <span word="Child">Child</span>. <span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>5, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="argues">argues</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="economygradually">economygradually</span> 让步于 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="present">present</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="useless">useless</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="who">who</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="producing">producing</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="for">for</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="costly">costly</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="emotionally">emotionally</span>5<span word="C">C</span> <span word="priceless">priceless</span>. <span word="Well">Well</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="segments">segments</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="upper">upper</span> <span word="classes">classes</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-1800<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="childhood">childhood</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="throughout">throughout</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="late">late</span>-<span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="early">early</span>-<span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="reformers">reformers</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span> <span word="child">child</span>-<span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="regulations">regulations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="compulsory">compulsory</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="lawsin">lawsin</span> <span word="part">part</span> 以为基础 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="childs">childs</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> 竞技.</p><p> 解释第二段：孩子价值转变的原因<span word="For">For</span> <span word="Zelizer">Zelizer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="origins">origins</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="transformation">transformation</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="complex">complex</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="gradual">gradual</span> <span word="erosion">erosion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="childrens">childrens</span> <span word="productive">productive</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="maturing">maturing</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>6<span word="B">B</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="mortality">mortality</span>6<span word="A">A</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 伙伴的，友爱的 <span word="family">family</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="changing">changing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assessment">assessment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="childrens">childrens</span> <span word="worth">worth</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> 排除，驱除 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> 联系 关系), <span word="although">although</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="shaped">shaped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="profound">profound</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span>, <span word="occupational">occupational</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="structures">structures</span>6<span word="C">C</span>, <span word="Zelizer">Zelizer</span> <span word="maintains">maintains</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="of">of</span> 神圣化 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="childrens">childrens</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>. <span word="Protecting">Protecting</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crass">crass</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="enormously">enormously</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="late">late</span>-<span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span>; <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sacralization">sacralization</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="resisting">resisting</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> 无情的败坏 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="values">values</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marketplace">marketplace</span>6<span word="E">E</span>.</p>
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