GRE阅读综合辅导:63题网络课堂总结(十五)
<p> 主题段落<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="historians">historians</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="devote">devote</span> <span word="serious">serious</span>2<span word="Aattention">Aattention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="working">working</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="communities">communities</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="remarkably">remarkably</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="worklessness">worklessness</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="historians">historians</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> 经济大萧条 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1930<span word="s">s</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="narrownessof">narrownessof</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span> <span word="ignores">ignores</span> <span word="the">the</span> 无所不在，弥漫 <span word="recessions">recessions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="joblessness">joblessness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Alexander">Alexander</span> <span word="Keyssar">Keyssar</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="book">book</span>. <span word="Examining">Examining</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="period">period</span> 1870-1920, <span word="Keyssar">Keyssar</span> <span word="concentrates">concentrates</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span>, <span word="where">where</span>8<span word="D">D</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span>3<span word="D">D</span> <span word="materials">materials</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="rich">rich</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="applicable">applicable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>3<span word="D">D</span>.</p><p> <span word="K">K</span>的成果之一：失业的严重程度<span word="The">The</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Keyssar">Keyssar</span> <span word="calculates">calculates</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="modest">modest</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Depression">Depression</span>5 <span word="standards">standards</span>: <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1870<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> 1890<span word="s">s</span>4<span word="A">A</span>, <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="around">around</span> 15 <span word="percent">percent</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="Keyssar">Keyssar</span> <span word="rightly">rightly</span> <span word="understands">understands</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="way">way</span>4<span word="B">B</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="frequencies">frequencies</span>―<span word="measuring">measuring</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="percentage">percentage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span>, <span word="joblessness">joblessness</span> 隐约呈现 <span word="much">much</span> .</p><p> <span word="Keyssar">Keyssar</span> <span word="also">also</span>另一个研究成果：影响事业的因素 <span word="scrutinizes">scrutinizes</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="skill">skill</span> <span word="level">level</span>, <span word="ethnicity">ethnicity</span>, <span word="race">race</span>, <span word="age">age</span>, <span word="class">class</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gender">gender</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="joblessness">joblessness</span> <span word="differed">differed</span> <span word="primarily">primarily</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> 因素一<span word="class">class</span>6: <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span>-<span word="collar">collar</span> <span word="occupations">occupations</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="unemployed">unemployed</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="dependent">dependent</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> 行业, 因素二6相邻地区 <span word="could">could</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="dramatically">dramatically</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>. <span word="Keyssar">Keyssar</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="differential">differential</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="puzzled">puzzled</span> <span word="historians">historians</span>―<span word="the">the</span> <span word="startlingly">startlingly</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="geographical">geographical</span> <span word="mobility">mobility</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nineteenth">nineteenth</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="mobility">mobility</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dominant">dominant</span> <span word="working">working</span>-<span word="class">class</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="coping">coping</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span>, <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="assistance">assistance</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="charities">charities</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="agencies">agencies</span>. 自己雇用自己 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="kin">kin</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="jobless">jobless</span> 一段时间.</p>
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