GRE阅读综合辅导:63题网络课堂总结(二十)
<p> <span word="Passage">Passage</span> 40现象解释型</p><p> 现象<span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="levels">levels</span>3<span word="A">A</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="efficiency">efficiency</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="automobile">automobile</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>3.</p><p> 某种解释<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="observers">observers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="benefited">benefited</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="culture">culture</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="true">true</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="expect">expect</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="auto">auto</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="perform">perform</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span>2<span word="E">E</span> <span word="factories">factories</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span>; <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span>-<span word="run">run</span> <span word="automobile">automobile</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="located">located</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="staffed">staffed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="factories">factories</span> <span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>.</p><p> 另一种解释<span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="observers">observers</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="worker">worker</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span> <span word="leads">leads</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="automobile">automobile</span> <span word="makers">makers</span> <span word="matched">matched</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-<span word="sixties">sixties</span>, <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="employee">employee</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="comparable">comparable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="firms">firms</span>. <span word="Furthermore">Furthermore</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="seventies">seventies</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="assets">assets</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="roughly">roughly</span> <span word="equivalent">equivalent</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>.</p><p> <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="capital">capital</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span>. 第三种解释<span word="A">A</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="fruitful">fruitful</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="lie">lie</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="techniques">techniques</span>. <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="automobile">automobile</span> <span word="producers">producers</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="implement">implement</span> <span word="conventional">conventional</span> <span word="processes">processes</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="effectively">effectively</span>: <span word="they">they</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="procedures">procedures</span>7<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mass">mass</span>-<span word="production">production</span> <span word="philosophy">philosophy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="automakers">automakers</span> <span word="encouraged">encouraged</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cars">cars</span>6 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="utilize">utilize</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="expensive">expensive</span>, <span word="component">component</span>-<span word="specific">specific</span>6<span word="B">B</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="occupy">occupy</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="execute">execute</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="operation">operation</span> <span word="efficiently">efficiently</span>8<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="automakers">automakers</span> <span word="chose">chose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="small">small</span>-<span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="feasible">feasible</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="introducing">introducing</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="departures">departures</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="practices">practices</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="flexible">flexible</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span>8<span word="A">A</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="altered">altered</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>4 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="multiple">multiple</span> <span word="jobs">jobs</span>4<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="Automakers">Automakers</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="schedule">schedule</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="components">components</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="models">models</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="machines">machines</span>, <span word="thereby">thereby</span> <span word="eliminating">eliminating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="store">store</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="buffer">buffer</span> <span word="stocks">stocks</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extra">extra</span> <span word="components">components</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="kept">kept</span> <span word="constantly">constantly</span> <span word="active">active</span>.</p>
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